Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jul 16:8:654422.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654422. eCollection 2021.

Geographical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Sporadic Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreaks From June to December 2020 in China: An Overview of Environment-To-Human Transmission Events

Maohui Feng  1 , Qiong Ling  2 , Jun Xiong  3 , Anne Manyande  4 , Weiguo Xu  5 , Boqi Xiang  6
Affiliations

Geographical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Sporadic Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreaks From June to December 2020 in China: An Overview of Environment-To-Human Transmission Events

Maohui Feng et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

China quickly brought the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 under control during the early stage of 2020; thus, this generated sufficient confidence among the public, which enabled them to respond to several sporadic coronavirus disease 2019 outbreaks. This article presents geographical and epidemiological characteristics of several sporadic coronavirus disease 2019 outbreaks from June to December 2020 in China. The data show that the coronavirus disease may be transmitted by imported cold-chain food and international exchange, and this viewpoint deserves our great attention.

Keywords: COVID-19 disease; cold-chain food; environment-to-human transmission; scientific protective measures; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geographical epidemiological characteristics of eight cities during the sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks in China. Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, and Shanghai are coastal cities, and Kashi and Manzhouli are border cities.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graph's x-axis (dates from June 1 to December 31, 2020) is used as a timeline of key events and dynamic profile of cold-chain environment-to-human transmission during sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks in China. In Xinfadi of Beijing, Dalian, Qingdao, Kashi, Tianjin, and Shanghai, polymerase chain reaction on environmental swab samples (i.e., frozen food package) related to imported cold-chain food were positive for SARS-CoV-2. In Qingdao, live SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from imported frozen cod outer package's surface, showing that there exists cold-chain environment-to-human transmission.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Graph's x-axis (dates from June 11 to 23, 2020) is used as a timeline of key events and dynamic profile during COVID-19 outbreak. Profiles of confirmed cases are shown in graph's y-axis. First case in Beijing's fresh outbreak was recorded on June 11. Inset shows that daily rise had been steadily dropping, with only nine recorded on Jun 21, since peaking on June 14 with 36 confirmed cases.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Geographical epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases in Beijing city. (A) Geographical distribution of all confirmed cases. (B) Spatial distribution of confirmed cases. Proportion of confirmed cases in Fengtai district was 66.8% of overall cases in Beijing. Red dots represent spatial distribution of confirmed cases, and green dots stand for the top five concentrated communities of confirmed cases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Amirian ES. Potential fecal trans mission of SARS-CoV-2: Current evidence and implications for public health. Int J Infect Dis. (2020) 95:363–70. 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.057 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Feng Maohui, Ling Qiong, Xiong Jun, Manyande Anne, Xu Weiguo Boqi X. Occupational characteristics and management measures of sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks from June 2020 to January 2021 in China: the importance of tracking down “patient zero”. Front Public Health. (2021) 9:670669. 10.3389/fpubh.2021.670669 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Li Z, Liu T, Yang N, Han D, Mi X, Li Y, et al. . and Guo X. Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from the periphery to the brain. Front Med. (2020) 14:533–41. 10.1007/s11684-020-0786-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Han JJ, Atluri P. Commentary: cardiothoracic surgery and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A surge of collective strength. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. (2020) 160:727–8. 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.021 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Xiang B, Li P, Yang X, Zhong S, Manyande A, Feng M. The Impact of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Among Healthcare Workers in Hospitals: An Aerial Overview. Am J Infect Control. (2020) 41:1–3. 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.020 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources