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. 2021 Jul 18;6(29):18576-18590.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00818. eCollection 2021 Jul 27.

Effect of the Concentration and the Type of Dispersant on the Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Potential Antimicrobial Applications

Maribel Guzman  1 , Mariella Arcos  2 , Jean Dille  3 , Céline Rousse  4 , Stéphane Godet  3 , Loïc Malet  3
Affiliations

Effect of the Concentration and the Type of Dispersant on the Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Potential Antimicrobial Applications

Maribel Guzman et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

The bactericidal properties of copper oxide nanoparticles have growing interest due to potential application in the medical area. The present research investigates the influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) on the production of copper oxide nanoparticles prepared from copper sulfate (CuSO4) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solutions. Different analytical techniques were used to determine the crystal nature, mean size diameter, and surface morphology of the copper oxide nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed formation of nanoparticles of cuprite (Cu2O) and tenorite (CuO) when PVP and SDS were added at the beginning of the reaction. In fact, when the Cu/PVP ratio was 1.62, Cu2O nanoparticles were obtained. In addition, nanoparticles of CuO were synthesized when the Cu/PVP ratios were 0.54 and 0.81. On the other hand, a mixture of copper oxides (CuO and Cu2O) and cuprite (Cu2O) was obtained when PVP (Cu/PVP = 0.81 and 1.62) and SDS (Cu/SDS = 0.90) were added 30 min after the beginning of the reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show agglomerated nanoparticles with a size distribution ranging from 2 to 60 nm, while individual particles have sizes between 4.1 ± 1.9 and 41.6 ± 12.8 nm. The Kirby-Bauer method for the determination of antibacterial activity shows that small CuO (4.1 ± 1.9 nm) and Cu2O (8.5 ± 5.3 nm) nanoparticles inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The antibacterial test of cotton fabric impregnated with nanoparticles shows positive results. The determination of the optimal ratio of copper oxide nanoparticles per cm2 of fabric that are able to exhibit a good antibacterial activity is ongoing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
EDS spectrum of (a) samples MBS01 and (b) MBP01 and (c) X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of copper oxide nanoparticles obtained at different ratios of Cu/SDS = 0.90 (MBS01) and Cu/PVP = 0.81 (MBP01).
Figure 2
Figure 2
TEM micrographs of CuO nanoparticles prepared at different ratios of (a) Cu/SDS = 0.9 and (b) Cu/PVP = 0.81 and details of nanoparticles prepared with (c, d) SDS and (e, f) PVP.
Figure 3
Figure 3
EDS spectrum of samples (a) MBP01A and (b) MBP01B and (c) XRD spectra of copper oxide nanoparticles prepared at different Cu/PVP ratios (1.62; 0.81; 0.54).
Figure 4
Figure 4
TEM micrographs of copper oxide nanoparticles prepared at different Cu/PVP ratios: (a) 1.62, (b) 0.81, and (c) 0.54. (d–i) Details of nanoparticles prepared with PVP at different concentrations.
Figure 5
Figure 5
EDS spectrum of (a) sample MDS01 and XRD spectra of copper oxide nanoparticles prepared at different times of dispersant addition: (b) Cu/SDS = 0.9 (0 min) and 0.9 (30 min), (c) Cu/PVP = 0.81 (0 min) and 0.81 (30 min), and (d) Cu/PVP = 1.62 (0 min) and 1.62 (30 min).
Figure 6
Figure 6
TEM micrographs of copper oxide nanoparticles prepared at different ratios of (a) Cu/SDS = 0.9 (30 min), (b) Cu/PVP = 1.62 (30 min), and (c) Cu/PVP = 0.81 (30 min) and details of nanoparticles prepared with (d, e) SDS and (f, i) PVP at different concentrations.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Cotton fabric before and after nanoparticle deposition and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of (b) the original cotton fiber, (c) MDS01-CF, (d) MDS01-CF after washing, (e) MDP01-CF, and (f) MDP01-CF after washing.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Results of the diffusion test of copper oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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