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. 2021 Sep:71:102642.
doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102642. Epub 2021 Jul 29.

Socioeconomic patterns and COVID-19 outcomes before, during and after the lockdown in Italy (2020)

Alberto Mateo-Urdiales  1 , Massimo Fabiani  2 , Aldo Rosano  3 , Maria Fenicia Vescio  2 , Martina Del Manso  1 , Antonino Bella  2 , Flavia Riccardo  2 , Patrizio Pezzotti  2 , Enrique Regidor  4 , Xanthi Andrianou  5
Affiliations

Socioeconomic patterns and COVID-19 outcomes before, during and after the lockdown in Italy (2020)

Alberto Mateo-Urdiales et al. Health Place. 2021 Sep.

Abstract

The objective was to investigate the association between deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in Italy during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods using a retrospective cohort study with 38,534,169 citizens and 222,875 COVID-19 cases. Multilevel negative binomial regression models, adjusting for age, sex, population-density and region of residence were conducted to evaluate the association between area-level deprivation and COVID-19 incidence, case-hospitalisation rate and case-fatality. During lockdown and post-lockdown, but not during pre-lockdown, higher incidence of cases was observed in the most deprived municipalities compared with the least deprived ones. No differences in case-hospitalisation and case-fatality according to deprivation were observed in any period under study.

Keywords: COVID-19; Deprivation; HEALTH Inequalities; SOCIAL Epidemiology.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years, no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart showing the selection of cases included in the analysis.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Geographical distribution of the cumulative number of cases per 100,000 persons during the periods of the epidemic in Italian municipalities with less than 50,000 population (n = 7624), and distribution of quantiles of the index of deprivation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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