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Review
. 2021 Aug 2;13(8):a040527.
doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040527.

Basics of Metabolic Reactions

Navdeep S Chandel  1
Affiliations
Review

Basics of Metabolic Reactions

Navdeep S Chandel. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Acetyl-CoA fulfills four functions of metabolism: (1) ATP generation, (2) catabolism, (3) anabolism, and (4) signaling.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Exergonic and endergonic reactions. The change in Gibbs free energy of a reaction is the energy difference between products and reactants. Exergonic reactions have a negative change in the Gibbs free energy and, thus, release energy. In contrast, endergonic reactions have a positive change in the Gibbs free energy and, thus, require energy.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Transition state. The transition state is the highest point of energy in which an activated complex can either go back to the reactants or forward to the products. Activation energy (Eact) is the energy difference between reactants and the transition state.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Enzymes lower the activation energy to increase the rate of reaction but not the overall change in Gibbs free energy of the reaction.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
The first step of glycolysis is an example of an ATP coupled reaction.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Rate of a reaction is dependent on the enzyme and substrate concentration.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Competitive versus noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes. Competitive inhibition results in an increase in Km without changing Vmax, whereas noncompetitive inhibition causes a decrease in Vmax without changing Km.
None
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Alberty RA. 2003. Thermodynamics of biochemical reactions. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ.
    1. Atkinson DE. 1968. The energy charge of the adenylate pool as a regulatory parameter. Interaction with feedback modifiers. Biochemistry 7: 4030–4034. 10.1021/bi00851a033 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chandel NS. 2020a. Glycolysis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 10.1101/cshperspect.a040535 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chandel NS. 2020b. Mitochondria. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 10.1101/cshperspect.a040543 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chandel NS. 2020c. NADPH—the forgotten reducing equivalent. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 10.1101/cshperspect.a040550 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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