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Case Reports
. 2021 Aug;62(8):849-853.

Multiple myeloma and primary erythrocytosis in a dog

Marianna Ricci  1 , Giulia De Feo  1 , Martin Konar  1 , George Lubas  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Multiple myeloma and primary erythrocytosis in a dog

Marianna Ricci et al. Can Vet J. 2021 Aug.

Abstract
in English, French

A 13-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog was referred for impaired ambulation, limb tremors, back pain, hypergammaglobulinemia on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and mild proteinuria. Conventional radiology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested multifocal neoplastic bone lesions. At the referral examination, lameness and bright red mucous membranes were observed. Severe erythrocytosis, a monoclonal peak in the β-2 globulin detected by capillary zone electrophoresis, severe proteinuria, bone marrow infiltration of plasma cells, and low serum erythropoietin concentrations were reported. The final diagnosis was multiple myeloma associated with severe primary erythrocytosis. This presentation in a dog is interesting because the combination of both disorders is rare in humans and has not been reported in dogs. Key clinical message: Although rare, multiple myeloma and primary erythrocytosis can occur together in dogs.

Myélome multiple et érythrocytose primaire chez un chien. Une chienne de race mixte stérilisée âgée de 13 ans a été référée pour troubles de la marche, tremblements des membres, maux de dos, hypergammaglobulinémie à l’électrophorèse sur acétate de cellulose et protéinurie légère. La radiologie conventionnelle et l’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) suggéraient des lésions osseuses néoplasiques multifocales. Lors de l’examen de référence, une boiterie et des muqueuses rouge vif ont été observées. Une érythrocytose sévère, un pic monoclonal de la globuline β-2 détecté par électrophorèse capillaire, une protéinurie sévère, une infiltration de la moëlle osseuse par des plasmocytes et de faibles concentrations sériques d’érythropoïétine ont été rapportés. Le diagnostic final était un myélome multiple associé à une érythrocytose primaire sévère. Cette présentation chez un chien est intéressante car l’association des deux conditions est rare chez l’homme et n’a pas été rapportée chez le chien.Message clinique clé :Bien que rares, le myélome multiple et l’érythrocytose primaire peuvent survenir simultanément chez le chien.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Radiographical study of thoraco-lumbar-sacral left lateral view; white arrows indicate the suspected osteolytic bone lesions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Magnetic resonance images of the thoracolumbar spine. STIR dorsal–the vertebral body L2 (long arrow) shows diffusely increased signal intensity consistent with infiltration. L1 (short arrow) is partially infiltrated and the 13th rib on the right side (arrowhead) is infiltrated and thickened.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Magnetic resonance images of the thoracolumbar spine. T2 sagittal–dorsally to the vertebral body L2 (asterisk) the ventral CSF line is interrupted (arrowheads) and the spinal cord is slightly elevated.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Serum protein on capillary zone electrophoresis; note the monoclonal peak in the β-2 globulin region, with reduced albumin.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A — Cluster of various sized plasma cells with different maturation stages in the bone marrow (400× magnification). B — Several plasma cells with moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, characterized by a round and eccentric nucleus with a coarsely clumped chromatin surrounded by a blue cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo or pale zone, sometimes with vacuoles. A few flame cells (i.e., plasma cells with pinkish shade on the outer rim of the cytoplasm) were observed (arrows) (1000× magnification).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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