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. 2021 Oct;68(4):445-452.
doi: 10.1007/s00267-021-01513-7. Epub 2021 Aug 2.

Large-scale Degradation of the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin

Fernando Mayer Pelicice  1 , Angelo Antonio Agostinho  2 , Alberto Akama  3 , José Dilermando Andrade Filho  4 , Valter M Azevedo-Santos  5 , Marcus Vinicius Moreira Barbosa  6 , Luis Mauricio Bini  7 , Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes Brito  8 , Carlos Roberto Dos Anjos Candeiro  9 , Érica Pellegrini Caramaschi  10 , Priscilla Carvalho  11 , Rodrigo Assis de Carvalho  12 , Leandro Castello  13 , Davi Borges das Chagas  14 , Carine Cavalcante Chamon  15 , Guarino Rinaldi Colli  16 , Vanessa Salete Daga  17 , Murilo Sversut Dias  18 , José Alexandre Felizola Diniz Filho  7 , Philip Fearnside  19 , Wagner de Melo Ferreira  20 , Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia  21 , Tiago Kutter Krolow  22 , Rodrigo Ferreira Kruger  23 , Edgardo Manuel Latrubesse  24 , Dilermando Pereira Lima Junior  25 , Solange de Fátima Lolis  20 , Fabyano Alvares Cardoso Lopes  26 , Rafael Dias Loyola  27 , André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães  28 , Adriana Malvasio  29 , Paulo De Marco Jr  7 , Pedro Ribeiro Martins  30 , Rosana Mazzoni  31 , João Carlos Nabout  12 , Mário Luis Orsi  21 , Andre Andrian Padial  32 , Hasley Rodrigo Pereira  33 , Thiago Nilton Alves Pereira  15 , Phamela Bernardes Perônico  12 , Miguel Petrere Jr  34 , Renato Torres Pinheiro  35 , Etiene Fabbrin Pires  36 , Paulo Santos Pompeu  37 , Thiago Costa Gonçalves Portelinha  38 , Edson Eyji Sano  39 , Vagner Leonardo Macedo Dos Santos  40 , Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro  4 , Idelina Gomes da Silva  41 , Lucas Barbosa E Souza  42 , Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro  43   44 , Mariana Pires de Campos Telles  45   46 , Fabrício Barreto Teresa  12 , Sidinei Magela Thomaz  47 , Livia Helena Tonella  48 , Ludgero Cardoso Galli Vieira  49 , Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule  50 , Jansen Zuanon  51
Affiliations

Large-scale Degradation of the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin

Fernando Mayer Pelicice et al. Environ Manage. 2021 Oct.

Abstract

The Tocantins-Araguaia Basin is one of the largest river systems in South America, located entirely within Brazilian territory. In the last decades, capital-concentrating activities such as agribusiness, mining, and hydropower promoted extensive changes in land cover, hydrology, and environmental conditions. These changes are jeopardizing the basin's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Threats are escalating as poor environmental policies continue to be formulated, such as environmentally unsustainable hydropower plants, large-scale agriculture for commodity production, and aquaculture with non-native fish. If the current model persists, it will deepen the environmental crisis in the basin, compromising broad conservation goals and social development in the long term. Better policies will require thought and planning to minimize growing threats and ensure the basin's sustainability for future generations.

Keywords: Biodiversity; Conservation; Policy; South America; Sustainability..

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