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Comparative Study
. 2021 Aug 4;11(1):15769.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95358-z.

Comparison of corneal irregular astigmatism by the type of corneal regular astigmatism

Yuta Ueno  1 , Risa Nomura  1 , Takahiro Hiraoka  1 , Katsuhito Kinoshita  1 , Mutsuko Ohara  2 , Tetsuro Oshika  3
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparison of corneal irregular astigmatism by the type of corneal regular astigmatism

Yuta Ueno et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

We investigated the relation between corneal regular and irregular astigmatism in normal human eyes. In 951 eyes of 951 patients, corneal irregular astigmatism, such as asymmetry and higher-order irregularity components, was calculated using the Fourier harmonic analysis of corneal topography data within the central 3-mm zone of the anterior corneal surface. The eyes were classified by the type of corneal regular astigmatism into four groups; minimum (< 0.75 diopters), with-the-rule (WTR), against-the-rule (ATR), and oblique astigmatism. The mean age was significantly different among the four groups (P < 0.001); patients with WTR astigmatism were the youngest, followed by those with minimum, oblique, and ATR astigmatism. Significant inter-group differences were found among the four groups in asymmetry (P = 0.005) and higher-order irregularity components (P < 0.001); the largest was in eyes with oblique astigmatism, followed by ATR, WTR, and minimum astigmatism. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that corneal regular astigmatism pattern significantly influenced the amount of corneal irregular astigmatism after controlling for confounding factors (P < 0.001). Corneal irregular astigmatism, such as asymmetry and higher order irregularity components, was the largest in eyes with oblique astigmatism, followed by those with ATR, WTR, and minimum astigmatism, even after adjustment for age of subjects.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Tetsuro Oshika received compensation as a consultant from Alcon, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santen Pharmaceutical, and Mitsubishi Tanabe. He receives research support from Santen Pharmaceutical, Tomey, Alcon, Senju Pharmaceutical, Johnson & Johnson Vision, HOYA, KOWA Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Pfizer, and Topcon.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of age among the four types of corneal regular astigmatism groups. Mean ± standard deviation, WTR with-the-rule, ATR against-the-rule, *P < 0.001, †P = 0.010.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of asymmetry component among the four types of corneal regular astigmatism groups. Mean ± standard deviation, WTR with-the-rule, ATR against-the-rule, *P = 0.050.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of higher-order irregularity component among the four types of corneal regular astigmatism groups. Mean ± standard deviation, WTR with-the-rule, ATR against-the-rule, *P < 0.001, †P = 0.009, ‡P = 0.044, §P = 0.015.
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