Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jun;70(2):201-206.
doi: 10.33073/pjm-2021-017. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Screening of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Sudan

Gada Mustafa Ahmed Mustafa  1 , Mustafa Eltigani Yassin  1 , Ashwag Shami  2 , Samah Abdu Rahim  3
Affiliations

Screening of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Sudan

Gada Mustafa Ahmed Mustafa et al. Pol J Microbiol. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and HIV infection is the most potent risk factor for the development of active TB disease from a latent TB infection. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of HIV among newly diagnosed TB patients in Kassala state eastern Sudan. This was a descriptive, hospital-based, cross-sectional study of 251 active and newly diagnosed TB patients, selected by simple random sampling. Blood samples and demographic data were collected from each patient. TB was diagnosed by direct ZN smear and molecular detection by Xpert MTB/RIF. The serum samples were tested for HIV using 4th generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of HIV was 13.9% (35/251), the infection rate among pulmonary TB was 17%, whereas that in extrapulmonary TB was 4.8%, the prevalence was (18.2%) in the males, and (7.2%) in the females. In conclusion: TB/HIV co-infection in the Eastern part of Sudan was high compared with the global prevalence, all TB patients should therefore be assessed for HIV risk factors and advised to undergo HIV testing.

Keywords: ELISA; HIV; Tuberculosis; Xpert MTB/RIF; ZN.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors do not report any financial or personal connections with other persons or organizations, which might negatively affect the contents of this publication and/or claim authorship rights to this publication.

References

    1. Abdallah TM, Ali AA, Adam I. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling among tuberculosis patients in Kassala, Eastern Sudan. J Infect Public Health. 2012. February;5(1):63–66. 10.1016/j.jiph.2011.10.001 - DOI - PubMed
    1. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. This statement was endorsed by the Council of the Infectious Disease Society of America, September 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000. April;161(4 Pt 1):1376–1395. 10.1164/ajrccm.161.4.16141 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Blanc FX, Havlir DV, Onyebujoh PC, Thim S, Goldfeld AE, Delfraissy JF. Treatment strategies for HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis: ongoing and planned clinical trials. J Infect Dis. 2007. July;196(s1) Suppl 1: S46–S51. 10.1086/518658 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Breen RAM, Smith CJ, Cropley I, Johnson MA, Lipman MCI. Does immune reconstitution syndrome promote active tuberculosis in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy? AIDS. 2005. July 22;19(11):1201–1206. 10.1097/01.aids.0000176221.33237.67 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chanda-Kapata P, Kapata N, Klinkenberg E, Grobusch MP, Cobelens F. The prevalence of HIV among adults with pulmonary TB at a population level in Zambia. BMC Infect Dis. 2017. December;17(1):236. 10.1186/s12879-017-2345-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed