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. 2021 Jul 8;10(7):860.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10070860.

Bulinus senegalensis and Bulinus umbilicatus Snail Infestations by the Schistosoma haematobium Group in Niakhar, Senegal

Papa Mouhamadou Gaye  1   2   3   4 , Souleymane Doucoure  2 , Bruno Senghor  2 , Babacar Faye  5 , Ndiaw Goumballa  1   2   3 , Mbacké Sembène  4 , Coralie L'Ollivier  1   3 , Philippe Parola  1   3 , Stéphane Ranque  1   3 , Doudou Sow  2   5   6 , Cheikh Sokhna  1   2   3
Affiliations

Bulinus senegalensis and Bulinus umbilicatus Snail Infestations by the Schistosoma haematobium Group in Niakhar, Senegal

Papa Mouhamadou Gaye et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Thorough knowledge of the dynamics of Bulinus spp. infestation could help to control the spread of schistosomiasis. This study describes the spatio-temporal dynamics of B. senegalensis and B. umbilicatus infestation by the Schistosoma haematobium group of blood flukes in Niakhar, Senegal. Molecular identification of the S. haematobium group was performed by real-time PCR, targeting the Dra 1 gene in 810 samples of Bulinus spp. collected during the schistosomiasis transmission season in 2013. In addition to Dra 1 PCR, a rapid diagnostic-PCR was performed on a sub-group of 43 snails to discriminate S. haematobium, S. bovis, and S. mattheei. Out of 810 snails, 236 (29.1%) were positive for Dra 1 based on the PCR, including 96.2% and 3.8% of B. senegalensis and B. umbilicatus, respectively. Among the sub-group, 16 samples were confirmed to be S. haematobium while one was identified as a mixture of S. haematobium and S. bovis. Snails infestations were detected in all villages sampled and infestation rates ranged from 15.38% to 42.11%. The prevalence of infestation was higher in the north (33.47%) compared to the south (25.74%). Snail populations infestations appear early in the rainy season, with a peak in the middle of the season, and then a decline towards the end of the rainy season. Molecular techniques showed, for the first time, the presence of S. bovis in the Bulinus spp. population of Niakhar. The heterogeneity of snail infestations at the village level must be taken into account in mass treatment strategies. Further studies should help to improve the characterizations of the schistosome population.

Keywords: Bulinus senegalensis; Bulinus umbilicatus; Dra1; Niakhar; RD-PCR; S. bovis; Schistosoma haematobium-group; schistosomiasis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Identification and distribution of different snail collection sites (ponds) in each village of the Niakhar area during the 2013 rainy season [12].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR on Schistosoma spp. Amplification reactions of S. haematobium genomic DNA are shown at 543 bp (lane 1, lane3, lane 8, lane 12, lane 15, lane 18, lane 19, lane 23, lane 24, lane 29, lane 35, lane 36, lane 37 and lane 40) and the double profile S. bovis (Sb)/S. haematobium (Sh) (at 306 bp and 543 bp, respectively) (lane 30). NT: negative control, TPSb: positive control S. bovis; (TPSh 1 and TPSh 2): Positive control S. haematobium and MT: DNA size marker.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Infestation rate of the haematobium-group in snails in each studied village.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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