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Review
. 2021 Aug 3;26(15):4697.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26154697.

Recent Advances in Biopolymer-Based Dye Removal Technologies

Rohan S Dassanayake  1 , Sanjit Acharya  2 , Noureddine Abidi  2
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances in Biopolymer-Based Dye Removal Technologies

Rohan S Dassanayake et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Synthetic dyes have become an integral part of many industries such as textiles, tannin and even food and pharmaceuticals. Industrial dye effluents from various dye utilizing industries are considered harmful to the environment and human health due to their intense color, toxicity and carcinogenic nature. To mitigate environmental and public health related issues, different techniques of dye remediation have been widely investigated. However, efficient and cost-effective methods of dye removal have not been fully established yet. This paper highlights and presents a review of recent literature on the utilization of the most widely available biopolymers, specifically, cellulose, chitin and chitosan-based products for dye removal. The focus has been limited to the three most widely explored technologies: adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration. Due to their high efficiency in dye removal coupled with environmental benignity, scalability, low cost and non-toxicity, biopolymer-based dye removal technologies have the potential to become sustainable alternatives for the remediation of industrial dye effluents as well as contaminated water bodies.

Keywords: adsorption; advanced oxidation processes; biopolymers; cellulose; chitin; chitosan; dye removal; membrane filtration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of CI Reactive Blue 109, a dichlorotriazines type reactive dye. (Adapted with permission from reference [29], Copyright 2017 Elsevier).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Molecular structure of some of the diverse classes of textile dyes. (Adapted with permission from reference [7], Copyright 2012 Elsevier).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Molecular structure of some of the diverse classes of textile dyes. (Adapted with permission from reference [7], Copyright 2012 Elsevier).
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic representation of the three major adsorption mechanisms of dye molecules (MB and MO) by cellulose, chitin, chitosan and their carbon materials: (a) H-bonding/dipole–dipole, (b) electrostatic and (c) π-π interactions.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Schematic representation for the possible mechanism of decolorization of MB on MnO2–chitin hybrid. (Reprinted with permission from reference [91], Copyright 2016 Elsevier).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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