Considerations for causality assessment of neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: from cerebral venous sinus thrombosis to functional neurological disorder

Matt Butler¹, Arina Tamborska^{2

3}, Greta K Wood^{2

3}, Mark Ellul⁴, Rhys H Thomas^{5

6}, Ian Galea⁷, Sarah Pett⁸, Bhagteshwar Singh³, Tom Solomon⁴, Thomas Arthur Pollak⁹, Benedict D Michael^{2

3}, Timothy R Nicholson¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
² Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
³ University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
⁴ Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
⁵ Department of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK.
⁶ Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
⁷ Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
⁸ MRC CTU at UCL, Institute for Global Health and Institute for Clinical Trials Methodology, University College London, London, UK.
⁹ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
¹⁰ King's College London, London, UK timothy.nicholson@kcl.ac.uk.

Matt Butler et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021 Nov.

. 2021 Nov;92(11):1144-1151.

doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326924. Epub 2021 Aug 6.

¹ Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
² Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
³ University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
⁴ Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
⁵ Department of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK.
⁶ Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
⁷ Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
⁸ MRC CTU at UCL, Institute for Global Health and Institute for Clinical Trials Methodology, University College London, London, UK.
⁹ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
¹⁰ King's College London, London, UK timothy.nicholson@kcl.ac.uk.

No abstract available

Keywords: COVID-19; Guillain-Barre syndrome; clinical neurology; conversion disorder; functional neurological disorder.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

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