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. 2021 Aug 31;39(37):5233-5239.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.071. Epub 2021 Aug 6.

Mind the gap from research laboratory to clinic: Challenges and opportunities for next-generation assays in human diseases

M Patricia D'Souza  1 , Amy C Palin  2 , Thomas Calder  3 , Hana Golding  4 , Steven H Kleinstein  5 , Erin L Milliken  6 , David O'Connor  7 , Georgia Tomaras  8 , Jon Warren  9 , Cesar Boggiano  9
Affiliations

Mind the gap from research laboratory to clinic: Challenges and opportunities for next-generation assays in human diseases

M Patricia D'Souza et al. Vaccine. .

Abstract

Modern vaccinology has experienced major conceptual and technological advances over the past 30 years. These include atomic-level structures driving immunogen design, new vaccine delivery methods, powerful adjuvants, and novel animal models. In addition, utilizing advanced assays to learn how the immune system senses a pathogen and orchestrates protective immunity has been critical in the design of effective vaccines and therapeutics. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop in September 2020 focused on next generation assays for vaccine development (Table 1). The workshop focused on four critical pathogens: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-which have no licensed vaccines-and tuberculosis (TB) and influenza-both of which are in critical need of improved vaccines. The goal was to share progress and lessons learned, and to identify any commonalities that can be leveraged to design vaccines and therapeutics.

Keywords: Assay; HIV; Influenza; SARS-CoV-2; Technology; Tuberculosis; Vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Next generation assays highlighted at this workshop. This illustration represents a selection of the next generation assays presented in the workshop and their applications by researchers to study correlates of protection, improve vaccine design, and investgate the host immune response.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Integration across pathogens, species, and assays to drive development of improved vaccines. Data from humans, non-human primates, and small animals infected with, or vaccinated for, influenza, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, or M. tuberculosis can be integrated, cross-validated, and interrogated with advanced computational tools. A wide variety of established and novel assays can be applied to uncover the responses to infection and vaccination with these and other pathogens.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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