. 2021 Jul 5;10(7):1371.

doi: 10.3390/plants10071371.

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Madiha Zaynab¹, Athar Hussain², Yasir Sharif³, Mahpara Fatima⁴, Mateen Sajid⁵, Nazia Rehman⁶, Xuewei Yang¹, Khalid Ali Khan^{7

8

9}, Hamed A Ghramh^{7

8

9}, Shuangfei Li¹

Affiliations

¹ Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 51807, China.
² Genomics Lab, Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
³ College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
⁴ College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
⁵ Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
⁶ National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
⁷ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 34371574
PMCID: PMC8309457
DOI: 10.3390/plants10071371

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Madiha Zaynab et al. Plants (Basel). 2021.

. 2021 Jul 5;10(7):1371.

doi: 10.3390/plants10071371.

Authors

Madiha Zaynab¹, Athar Hussain², Yasir Sharif³, Mahpara Fatima⁴, Mateen Sajid⁵, Nazia Rehman⁶, Xuewei Yang¹, Khalid Ali Khan^{7

8

9}, Hamed A Ghramh^{7

8

9}, Shuangfei Li¹

Affiliations

¹ Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 51807, China.
² Genomics Lab, Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
³ College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
⁴ College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
⁵ Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
⁶ National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
⁷ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 34371574
PMCID: PMC8309457
DOI: 10.3390/plants10071371

Abstract

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the universal signal transduction networks that regulate cell growth and development, hormone signaling, and other environmental stresses. However, their essential contribution to plant tolerance is very little known in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) plant. The current study carried out a genome-wide study of StMAPK and provided a deep insight using bioinformatics tools. In addition, the relative expression of StMAPKs was also assessed in different plant tissues. The similarity search results identified a total of 22 StMAPK genes in the potato genome. The sequence alignment also showed conserved motif TEY/TDY in most StMAPKs with conserved docking LHDXXEP sites. The phylogenetic analysis divided all 22 StMAPK genes into five groups, i.e., A, B, C, D, and E, showing some common structural motifs. In addition, most of the StMAPKs were found in a cluster form at the terminal of chromosomes. The promoter analysis predicted several stress-responsive Cis-acting regulatory elements in StMAPK genes. Gene duplication under selection pressure also indicated several purifying and positive selections in StMAPK genes. In potato, StMAPK2, StMAPK6, and StMAPK19 showed a high expression in response to heat stress. Under ABA and IAA treatment, the expression of the total 20 StMAPK genes revealed that ABA and IAA played an essential role in this defense process. The expression profiling and real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) exhibited their high expression in roots and stems compared to leaves. These results deliver primary data for functional analysis and provide reference data for other important crops.

Keywords: RT-qPCR; StMAPKs; TXY motifs; expression; genome-wide; phylogeny.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Multiple sequence alignment of AtMAPKs and StMAPKs representing TXY motifs and conserved docking (CD) signatures.

**Figure 2**
An accumulative phylogenetic tree containing AtMAPK (*Arabidopsis thaliana*), AcMAPK (*Actinidia chinensis*), and StMAPKs (*Solanum tuberosum*). Numbers on the nodes represent bootstrap values.

**Figure 3**
Distribution of exons, introns, and UTR (untranslated regions) in StMAPK gene sequences.

**Figure 4**
De novo MEME motifs’ distributions in the StMAPK proteins.

**Figure 5**
Chromosomal Distribtion of StMAPK genes.

**Figure 6**
*Cis*-acting elements’ distribution in the regulatory regions of StMAPKs.

**Figure 7**
Synteny analysis of MAPKs among *Sl, St*, and At.

**Figure 8**
Expression profiling of *StMAPK* genes in (A) leaves, roots, and stems (B) in response to heat, IAA, and ABA.

**Figure 9**
Real-time relative expressions of *StMAPKs* in leaves, roots, and stems.

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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Affiliations

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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