Cut Flower Characteristics and Growth Traits under Salt Stress in Lily Cultivars

Abstract

Salt stress is a major constraint of crop productivity because it reduces yield and limits the expansion of agriculture. This study investigated salt tolerance in 26 cultivars of cut lilies (Lilium hybrids) by examining the effect of salt stress on the growth and morphological characteristics of flowers and leaves and their physiological properties (chlorophyll a fluorescence). Salt stress significantly affected the growth and development of cut lilies. Canonical discriminant analysis indicates that the middle leaf width, number of flowers, first flower diameter, petal width, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were correlated with salt stress, whereas plant height, the middle leaf length, days to flowering, and sepal width were less affected by the stress. The cultivars examined were divided into three groups: Group 1 included the salt-sensitive cultivars, which failed to develop normal flowers; Group 2 included cultivars sensitive to salt stress but tolerant to osmotic stress; and Group 3 was the salt-tolerant group, which developed commercially valuable flowers. In conclusion, the cultivars contained a variable range of cut flower characteristics and growth traits that can be employed for lily breeding programs and as material for molecular mechanisms and signaling networks under salt stress.

Keywords: canonical discriminant analysis; chlorophyll a fluorescence; lily; principal component analysis; salt tolerance.

Figure 1

Distribution of lily cultivars according to multivariate factor analysis using the differences in the flower characteristic and the growth trait means, plant height, middle leaf length, middle leaf width, days to flowering, number of flowers per plant, first flower diameter, petal width, and sepal width in the control and plants subjected to NaCl treatment (8 dS m⁻¹). Albufeira, Alb.; All Choice, All C.; Body Guard, B.G.; Brunello, Bru.; Clear Water, C.W.; Cadenza, Cad.; Dynamite, Dyn.; Eyeliner, Eye.; Fenice, Fen.; Gerona, Ger.; Glendale, Gle.; Kayenta, Kay.; Lingerie, Lin.; Merluza, Mer.; Monteneu, Mon.; Navona, Nav.; Pink Mist, P.M.; Palazzo, Pal.; Patagonia, Pat.; Seine, Sei.; Sensi, Sen.; Siberia, Sib.; Stentor, Ste.; Universe, Uni.; X Factor, X F.; Zambesi, Zam.