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. 2021 Sep:77:105701.
doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105701. Epub 2021 Aug 3.

A new reactor for process intensification involving the simultaneous application of adjustable ultrasound and microwave radiation

Ioan Călinescu  1 , Mircea Vinatoru  2 , Daniela Ghimpețeanu  1 , Vasile Lavric  1 , Timothy J Mason  3
Affiliations

A new reactor for process intensification involving the simultaneous application of adjustable ultrasound and microwave radiation

Ioan Călinescu et al. Ultrason Sonochem. 2021 Sep.

Erratum in

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) and Microwaves (MW) are effective methods for processes intensification. Their combined use in the same reactor can lead to remarkable results. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in this field for new synthetic applications using reactors based upon existing technologies. We describe here a new type of apparatus in which the thermal energy is continuously removed from the system making possible the use of high power and adjustable ultrasonic and microwave densities throughout the process. The installation consists of a glass reactor located in a monomode applicator which is immersed at the same time in an ultrasonic device which can be operated at different frequencies and powers. A liquid, transparent to microwaves, was used to couple ultrasonic energy to the reactor and to remove the heat generated. Comsol software was used to get information about the distribution of ultrasonic and microwave energy between the reactor liquid and the coupling fluid. The performance was assessed using the conversion of p-nitrophenol into 4-nitrocatechol as a chemical dosimeter and a transesterification.

Keywords: Combined reactor; Microwave; Ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Maeda et. al. schematic diagram of microwave-ultrasonic device .
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Berlan et al schematic diagram of microwave-ultrasonic device .
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Ultrasound and Microwave hybrid installation.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Degradation efficiency of PNP depending on the treatment conditions (reaction time 50 min).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Transesterification of sunflower oil with ethanol over Amberlite IR 120.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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