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. 2020 Nov 9;29(2):84-88.
doi: 10.4103/JMU.JMU_91_19. eCollection 2021 Apr-Jun.

Defining Normative Sonographic Measurements of Neonatal Thyroid Volumes: Results of 165 Healthy Neonates from a Single Center in Northwest Malaysia

Noor Aneeza Md Noor  1   2 , Asmah Omar  1 , Wan Irnawati Wan Ab Rahman  1 , Ahmad Zalizan Zainul  1
Affiliations

Defining Normative Sonographic Measurements of Neonatal Thyroid Volumes: Results of 165 Healthy Neonates from a Single Center in Northwest Malaysia

Noor Aneeza Md Noor et al. J Med Ultrasound. .

Abstract

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common cause of treatable mental impairment and growth retardation in newborns. Early diagnosis requires measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 coupled with an ultrasound of the thyroid gland. However, detailed sonographic evaluation of the thyroid gland requires comparison to the local thyroid normative volumetric values, which is currently lacking.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 10, 2015, to April 18, 2018, recruiting 165 healthy neonates with normal TSH in their 1st week of life, from a single center in Northwest Malaysia. Ultrasound thyroid was done by a single ultrasonographer (κ = 0.86, percent agreement = 92.4), and the thyroid volume (TV) was calculated using the Brunn formula.

Results: All measurements showed skewed distribution with no significant difference between the right and left lobes. The local normative values for neonatal total TV was 0.61 (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.230) cm3, 0.31 (IQR = 0.150) cm3 for right TV, and 0.28 (IQR = 0.110) cm3 for left TV. There was a strong correlation between the right and left TVs, r = 0.767, P < 0.001. There were also no differences in the total TV across different genders and races.

Conclusion: The normative values for TV determined in our study may be used accordingly in clinical practice to evaluate thyroid hypoplasia or goiter by other Asian countries due to the similarly shared biodemography.

Keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism; infant; neonatal screening; newborn; ultrasonography.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sonographic diagram of the thyroid gland: (a) Longitudinal image to measure the maximum length of each lobe from sagittal sections on ultrasound. (b) Transverse image to determine the maximum transverse diameter (breadth), and the maximum anteroposterior measurement (depth)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Histogram showing the data distribution of thyroid gland volume among study participants
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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