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. 2021 Aug 2:2021:1343808.
doi: 10.1155/2021/1343808. eCollection 2021.

Gastrokine 2 Regulates the Antitumor Effect of JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Gastric Cancer

Yu Zhou  1   2 , Shan Xu  3 , Jiao Liu  3   4 , Yaping Zhu  1   2 , Yaxin Zhu  1 , Wei Li  3 , Hui Ling  3
Affiliations

Gastrokine 2 Regulates the Antitumor Effect of JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Gastric Cancer

Yu Zhou et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Retraction in

Abstract

GKN2 (gastrokine 2) mainly plays a regulatory role in gastric mucosal defense and cell protection mechanisms, and its role in gastric cancer has not been thoroughly elucidated. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GKN2 and TFF1 expressions in 90 gastric cancer tissues, 48 neoplastic resection margins, and 22 normal gastric mucosa epithelia. It showed that the downregulation of GKN2 and TFF1 expressions in gastric cancer tissues was significantly different from that in adjacent normal gastric tissues and distal gastric mucosal tissues. Nevertheless, correlation analysis showed that GKN2 expression in gastric cancer tissues was independent of TFF1 expression. After overexpression of GKN2 was constructed in human gastric cancer cell line MKN28 with the Ad-GFP-GKN2 transfected, cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, and migration and invasion ability were analyzed by transwell migration assay and transwell invasion assay. It indicated that overexpression of GKN2 significantly reduced the viability of MKN28 and SGC7901 cells. Overexpression of GKN2 could also inhibit the migration and invasion ability in MKN28 and SGC7901 cells. In addition, upregulation of GKN2 can inactivate the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Our data suggest that GKN2 and TFF1 play the antitumor role in gastric carcinoma, and TFF1 may not interact or cooperate with GKN2. GKN2 overexpression can inhibit the growth and metastasis by downregulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in gastric cancer cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Immunohistochemical staining of GKN2 and TFF1 expression in gastric tissues. Expression of GKN2 (a, c, e, g) and TFF1 (b, d, f, h). (a), (b) DGM; (c), (d) PT; (e), (f) GC (well-differentiated); (g), (h) GC (poorly differentiated). All original magnifications × 400. GKN2, gastrokine 2; TFF1, trefoil factor family 1; GC, gastric cancer; DGM, distal gastric mucosa; PT, paracancerous tissue.
Figure 2
Figure 2
GKN2 upregulation reduces proliferation of gastric cancer cells. (a) Expression of GKN2 mRNA in MNK28 and SGC7901 cells. (b), (c) Expression of GKN2 protein in MKN28 and SGC7901 cells. (d), (e) Cell proliferation of MKN28 and SGC7901 cells. ∗P < 0.05 vs. blank group. GKN2, gastrokine 2. NC, normal control.
Figure 3
Figure 3
GKN2 upregulation inhibits cell migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. (a), (b) Cell migration of MKN28 and SGC7901 cells. (c), (d) Cell invasion of MKN28 and SGC7901 cells. All original magnifications × 400. ∗P < 0.05 vs. blank group. GKN2, gastrokine 2. NC, normal control.
Figure 4
Figure 4
GKN2 upregulation inhibits the activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway. (a) Proteins in the JAK/STAT3 pathway in MKN28 cells. (b) Proteins in the JAK/STAT3 pathway in SGC7901 cells. ∗P < 0.05 vs. blank group. GKN2, gastrokine 2. NC, normal control.
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