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. 2021 Aug 12;16(8):e0256006.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256006. eCollection 2021.

Risk factors and risk profiles for neck pain in young adults: Prospective analyses from adolescence to young adulthood-The North-Trøndelag Health Study

Henriette Jahre  1 , Margreth Grotle  1   2 , Milada Småstuen  3 , Maren Hjelle Guddal  2 , Kaja Smedbråten  1 , Kåre Rønn Richardsen  1 , Synne Stensland  2   4 , Kjersti Storheim  1   2 , Britt Elin Øiestad  1
Affiliations

Risk factors and risk profiles for neck pain in young adults: Prospective analyses from adolescence to young adulthood-The North-Trøndelag Health Study

Henriette Jahre et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The objective was to investigate risk factors and risk profiles associated with neck pain in young adults using longitudinal data from the North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Risk factors were collected from adolescents (13-19 years of age), and neck pain was measured 11 years later. The sample was divided into two: Sample I included all participants (n = 1433), and Sample II (n = 832) included only participants who reported no neck/shoulder pain in adolescence. In multiple regression analyses in Sample I, female sex (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.3-2.9]), low physical activity level (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.0-2.5]), loneliness (OR = 2.0, 95% CI [1.2-3.5]), headache/migraine (OR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.2-2.6]), back pain (OR = 1.5, 95% CI [1.0-2.4]) and neck/shoulder pain (OR = 2.0, 95% [CI 1.3-3.0]) were associated with neck pain at the 11-year follow-up. Those with a risk profile including all these risk factors had the highest probability of neck pain of 67% in girls and 50% in boys. In Sample II, multiple regression analyses revealed that female sex (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.3-3.7]) and perceived low family income (OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.1-5.1]) were associated with neck pain at the 11-year follow-up. Girls and boys with a perceived low family income had a 29% and 17% higher probability of neck pain than adolescents with a perceived high family income. The risk profiles in both samples showed that co-occurrence of risk factors, such as headache/migraine, neck/shoulder pain, back pain, low physical activity level, loneliness, and perceived low family income cumulatively increased the probability of neck pain in young adulthood. These results underline the importance of taking a broad perspective when studying, treating, and preventing neck pain in adolescents.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flow-chart of study participants.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Risk profiles for persistent neck pain in young adulthood in Sample I (n = 1433).
Sample I = all participants. Probabilities of persistent neck pain at follow-up (%, [95% CI]), red = highest risk profile.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Risk profiles for persistent neck pain in young adulthood in Sample II (n = 832).
Sample II = pain-free participants at baseline. Probabilities of persistent neck pain at follow-up (%, [95% CI]), red = highest risk profile).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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