. 2022 Jan 1;24(1):85-92.

doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab157.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

Sarah O Nogueira^{1

2

3

4}, Esteve Fernández^{1

2

3

4}, Pete Driezen^{5

6}, Marcela Fu^{1

2

3

4}, Olena Tigova^{1

2

3

4}, Yolanda Castellano^{1

2

4}, Ute Mons^{7

8}, Aleksandra Herbeć^{9

10}, Christina N Kyriakos^{11

12}, Tibor Demjén¹³, Antigona C Trofor^{14

15}, Krzysztof Przewoźniak^{9

16

17}, Paraskevi A Katsaounou¹⁸, Constantine I Vardavas^{12

19

20}, Geoffrey T Fong^{5

6

21}; EUREST-PLUS Consortium

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

EUREST-PLUS Consortium:
Constantine I Vardavas, Andrea Glahn, Christina N Kyriakos, Dominick Nguyen, Katerina Nikitara, Cornel Radu-Loghin, Polina Starchenko, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Charis Girvalaki, Chryssi Igoumenaki, Sophia Papadakis, Aikaterini Papathanasaki, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Alexander I Vardavas, Nicolas Bécuwe, Lavinia Deaconu, Sophie Goudet, Christopher Hanley, Oscar Rivière, Tibor Demjén, Judit Kiss, Anna Piroska Kovacs, Esteve Fernández, Yolanda Castellano, Marcela Fu, Sarah O Nogueira, Olena Tigova, Ann McNeill, Katherine East, Sara C Hitchman, Ute Mons, Sarah Kahnert, Yannis Tountas, Panagiotis Behrakis, Filippos T Filippidis, Christina Gratziou, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Theodosia Peleki, Ioanna Petroulia, Chara Tzavara, Antigona Carmen Trofor, Marius Eremia, Lucia Lotrean, Florin Mihaltan, Gernot Rohde, Tamaki Asano, Claudia Cichon, Amy Far, Céline Genton, Melanie Jessner, Linnea Hedman, Christer Janson, Ann Lindberg, Beth Maguire, Sofia Ravara, Valérie Vaccaro, Brian Ward, Marc Willemsen, Hein de Vries, Karin Hummel, Gera E Nagelhout, Witold A Zatoński, Aleksandra Herbeć, Kinga Janik-Koncewicz, Krzysztof Przewoźniak, Mateusz Zatoński, Geoffrey T Fong, Thomas K Agar, Pete Driezen, Shannon Gravely, Anne C K Quah, Mary E Thompson

Affiliations

¹ Tobacco Control Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
² Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
³ School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴ Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid,Spain.
⁵ Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,Canada.
⁶ School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
⁷ Cancer Prevention Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁸ Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁹ Health Promotion Foundation, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁰ Centre for Behaviour Change, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
¹¹ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹² European Network on Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium.
¹³ Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation, Budapest, Hungary.
¹⁴ University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iasi, Iasi, Romania.
¹⁵ Aer Pur Romania, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁶ Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁷ Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁸ First ICU Evaggelismos Hospital Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
¹⁹ European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²⁰ Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
²¹ Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.

PMID: 34387341
PMCID: PMC8666112
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab157

Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

Sarah O Nogueira et al. Nicotine Tob Res. 2022.

. 2022 Jan 1;24(1):85-92.

doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab157.

Authors

Collaborators

EUREST-PLUS Consortium:
Constantine I Vardavas, Andrea Glahn, Christina N Kyriakos, Dominick Nguyen, Katerina Nikitara, Cornel Radu-Loghin, Polina Starchenko, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Charis Girvalaki, Chryssi Igoumenaki, Sophia Papadakis, Aikaterini Papathanasaki, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Alexander I Vardavas, Nicolas Bécuwe, Lavinia Deaconu, Sophie Goudet, Christopher Hanley, Oscar Rivière, Tibor Demjén, Judit Kiss, Anna Piroska Kovacs, Esteve Fernández, Yolanda Castellano, Marcela Fu, Sarah O Nogueira, Olena Tigova, Ann McNeill, Katherine East, Sara C Hitchman, Ute Mons, Sarah Kahnert, Yannis Tountas, Panagiotis Behrakis, Filippos T Filippidis, Christina Gratziou, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Theodosia Peleki, Ioanna Petroulia, Chara Tzavara, Antigona Carmen Trofor, Marius Eremia, Lucia Lotrean, Florin Mihaltan, Gernot Rohde, Tamaki Asano, Claudia Cichon, Amy Far, Céline Genton, Melanie Jessner, Linnea Hedman, Christer Janson, Ann Lindberg, Beth Maguire, Sofia Ravara, Valérie Vaccaro, Brian Ward, Marc Willemsen, Hein de Vries, Karin Hummel, Gera E Nagelhout, Witold A Zatoński, Aleksandra Herbeć, Kinga Janik-Koncewicz, Krzysztof Przewoźniak, Mateusz Zatoński, Geoffrey T Fong, Thomas K Agar, Pete Driezen, Shannon Gravely, Anne C K Quah, Mary E Thompson

Affiliations

¹ Tobacco Control Unit and WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
² Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
³ School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴ Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid,Spain.
⁵ Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,Canada.
⁶ School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
⁷ Cancer Prevention Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁸ Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁹ Health Promotion Foundation, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁰ Centre for Behaviour Change, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
¹¹ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹² European Network on Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Belgium.
¹³ Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation, Budapest, Hungary.
¹⁴ University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iasi, Iasi, Romania.
¹⁵ Aer Pur Romania, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁶ Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁷ Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁸ First ICU Evaggelismos Hospital Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
¹⁹ European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²⁰ Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
²¹ Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.

PMID: 34387341
PMCID: PMC8666112
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab157

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) poses serious and extensive health and economic-related consequences to European society and worldwide. Smoking bans are a key measure to reducing SHS exposure but have been implemented with varying levels of success. We assessed changes in the prevalence of self-reported SHS exposure and smoking behavior in public places among smokers in six European countries and the influence of the country's type of smoking ban (partial or total ban) on such exposure and smoking behavior.

Aims and methods: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys were conducted among adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain in 2016 (Wave 1, n = 6011) and 2018 (Wave 2, n = 6027). We used generalized estimating equations models to assess changes between Waves 1 and 2 and to test the interaction between the type of smoking ban and (1) self-reported SHS exposure, (2) self-reported smoking in several public places.

Results: A significant decrease in self-reported SHS exposure was observed in workplaces, from 19.1% in 2016 to 14.0% in 2018 (-5.1%; 95% CI: -8.0%; -2.2%). Self-reported smoking did not change significantly inside bars (22.7% in Wave 2), restaurants (13.2% in Wave 2) and discos/nightclubs (34.0% in W2). SHS exposure in public places was significantly less likely (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.26-0.47) in the countries with total bans as compared to those countries with partial bans.

Conclusion: The inverse association between smoking in public places and smoking bans indicates an opportunity for strengthening smoke-free legislation and protecting bystanders from exposure to SHS in public places.

Implications: Prevalence of smokers engaging in and being exposed to smoking in public places varied by type of smoke-free legislation across six European Union countries in our study; those with total smoke bans reported significantly less exposure to SHS than those with partial or no bans. Our results indicate room for improvement, not only to decrease the prevalence of exposure to SHS in Europe but also to diminish the variability between countries through common, more restrictive smoke-free legislation, and importantly, strong and sustained enforcement.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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References

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Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

Collaborators

Affiliations

Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical