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. 2022 Jan:203:111863.
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111863. Epub 2021 Aug 11.

Associations of hair dye and relaxer use with breast tumor clinicopathologic features: Findings from the Women's circle of Health Study

Rohan Rao  1 , Jasmine A McDonald  2 , Emily S Barrett  3 , Patricia Greenberg  4 , Dede K Teteh  5 , Susanne B Montgomery  6 , Bo Qin  7 , Yong Lin  8 , Chi-Chen Hong  9 , Christine B Ambrosone  9 , Kitaw Demissie  10 , Elisa V Bandera  8 , Adana A M Llanos  11
Affiliations

Associations of hair dye and relaxer use with breast tumor clinicopathologic features: Findings from the Women's circle of Health Study

Rohan Rao et al. Environ Res. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Building upon our earlier findings of significant associations between hair dye and relaxer use with increased breast cancer risk, we evaluated associations of select characteristics of use with breast tumor clinicopathology.

Methods: Using multivariable-adjusted models we examined the associations of interest in a case-only study of 2998 women with breast cancer, overall and stratified by race and estrogen receptor (ER) status, addressing multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction.

Results: Compared to salon application of permanent hair dye, home kit and combination application (both salon and home kit application) were associated with increased odds of poorly differentiated tumors in the overall sample. This association was consistent among Black (home kit: OR 2.22, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00; combination: OR 2.46, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00), but not White women, and among ER+ (home kit: OR 1.47, 95 % CI: 0.82-2.63; combination: OR 2.98, 95 % CI: 1.62-5.49) but not ER-cases. Combination application of relaxers was associated with increased odds of tumors >2.0 cm vs. <1.0 cm (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.23-2.69). Longer duration and earlier use of relaxers and combination application of permanent hair dyes and relaxers were associated with breast tumor features including higher tumor grade and larger tumor size, which often denote more aggressive phenotypes, although the findings did not maintain significance with Bonferroni correction.

Conclusions: These novel data support reported associations between hair dye and relaxer use with breast cancer, showing for the first time, associations with breast tumor clinicopathologic features. Improved hair product exposure measurement is essential for fully understanding the impact of these environmental exposure with breast cancer and to guide risk reduction strategies in the future.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Breast tumor features; Hair dye; Hair products; Hair relaxer; Personal care products.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing financial interests: All authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interest.

Declaration of interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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