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. 2022 Apr 14;40(17):2484-2490.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.007. Epub 2021 Aug 5.

Perceived public health threat a key factor for willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine in Australia

Rachael H Dodd  1 , Kristen Pickles  2 , Erin Cvejic  2 , Samuel Cornell  2 , Jennifer M J Isautier  2 , Tessa Copp  2 , Brooke Nickel  2 , Carissa Bonner  2 , Carys Batcup  2 , Danielle M Muscat  2 , Julie Ayre  2 , Kirsten J McCaffery  2
Affiliations

Perceived public health threat a key factor for willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine in Australia

Rachael H Dodd et al. Vaccine. .

Abstract

Background: Vaccination rollout against COVID-19 is underway across multiple countries worldwide. Although the vaccine is free, rollout might still be compromised by hesitancy or concerns about COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods: We conducted two online surveys of Australian adults in April (during national lockdown; convenience cross-sectional sample) and November (very few cases of COVID-19; nationally representative sample) 2020, prior to vaccine rollout. We asked about intentions to have a potential COVID-19 vaccine (If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, I will get it) and free-text responses (November only).

Results: After adjustment for differences in sample demographics, the estimated proportion agreeing to a COVID-19 vaccine if it became available in April (n = 1146) was 76.3%. In November (n = 1941) this was estimated at 71.5% of the sample; additional analyses identified that the variation was driven by differences in perceived public health threat between April and November. Across both surveys, female gender, being younger, having inadequate health literacy and lower education were associated with reluctance to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Lower perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, belief that data on the efficacy of vaccines is 'largely made up', having lower confidence in government, and lower perception of COVID-19 as a public health threat, were also associated with reluctance to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The top three reasons for agreeing to vaccinate (November only) were to protect myself and others, moral responsibility, and having no reason not to get it. For those who were indifferent or disagreeing to vaccinate, safety concerns were the top reason, followed by indecision and lack of trust in the vaccine respectively.

Conclusions: These findings highlight some factors related to willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine prior to one being available in Australia. Now that the vaccine is being offered, this study identifies key issues that can inform public health messaging to address vaccine hesitancy.

Keywords: COVID-19; Concerns; Intentions; Perceived risk; Vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Predicted probabilities of willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine (if available) by cross-sectional survey time point (April vs November) after adjustment for age, gender, education, and health literacy adequacy. Estimates were determined at covariate sample means. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Predicted probabilities of willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine (if available) by perceived public health threat. Values are estimated at the mean value of all other model covariates. Shaded bands indicate the 95% confidence interval.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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