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. 2021 Aug 16;224(4):657-666.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa786. Epub 2020 Dec 26.

Current and Past Immunodeficiency Are Associated With Higher Hospitalization Rates Among Persons on Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy for up to 11 Years

Thibaut Davy-Mendez  1   2 , Sonia Napravnik  1   2 , Joseph J Eron  1   2 , Stephen R Cole  1 , David van Duin  2 , David A Wohl  1   2 , Brenna C Hogan  3 , Keri N Althoff  3   4 , Kelly A Gebo  3   4 , Richard D Moore  3   4 , Michael J Silverberg  5 , Michael A Horberg  6 , M John Gill  7 , W Christopher Mathews  8 , Marina B Klein  9 , Jonathan A Colasanti  10 , Timothy R Sterling  11 , Angel M Mayor  12 , Peter F Rebeiro  11 , Kate Buchacz  13 , Jun Li  13 , Ni Gusti Ayu Nanditha  14 , Jennifer E Thorne  4 , Ank Nijhawan  15 , Stephen A Berry  4 ; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
Collaborators, Affiliations

Current and Past Immunodeficiency Are Associated With Higher Hospitalization Rates Among Persons on Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy for up to 11 Years

Thibaut Davy-Mendez et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) with persistently low CD4 counts despite efficacious antiretroviral therapy could have higher hospitalization risk.

Methods: In 6 US and Canadian clinical cohorts, PWH with virologic suppression for ≥1 year in 2005-2015 were followed until virologic failure, loss to follow-up, death, or study end. Stratified by early (years 2-5) and long-term (years 6-11) suppression and lowest presuppression CD4 count <200 and ≥200 cells/µL, Poisson regression models estimated hospitalization incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) comparing patients by time-updated CD4 count category, adjusted for cohort, age, gender, calendar year, suppression duration, and lowest presuppression CD4 count.

Results: The 6997 included patients (19 980 person-years) were 81% cisgender men and 40% white. Among patients with lowest presuppression CD4 count <200 cells/μL (44%), patients with current CD4 count 200-350 vs >500 cells/μL had aIRRs of 1.44 during early suppression (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.06), and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.03-2.72) during long-term suppression. Among patients with lowest presuppression CD4 count ≥200 (56%), patients with current CD4 351-500 vs >500 cells/μL had an aIRR of 1.22 (95% CI, .93-1.60) during early suppression and 2.09 (95% CI, 1.18-3.70) during long-term suppression.

Conclusions: Virologically suppressed patients with lower CD4 counts experienced higher hospitalization rates and could potentially benefit from targeted clinical management strategies.

Keywords: CD4 lymphocyte count; HIV; cohort studies; hospitalization; sustained virologic response.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart of patient inclusion and follow-up. Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; LTFU, loss to follow-up; VL, viral load.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
CD4 cell count distribution from the first human immunodeficiency virus RNA load <400 copies/mL to year 10 of sustained virologic suppression, among patients with a lowest presuppression CD4 count <200 cells/µL (A) or ≥200 cells/µL (B). Shown are the median (solid line), interquartile range (band), and 5th and 95th percentiles (dashed lines). CD4 counts are 24-month weighted moving averages of up to 3 measurements, updated every 6 months of virologic suppression. Values for year 11 are not displayed due to small sample sizes.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Unadjusted all-cause hospitalization rates by CD4 cell count category, stratified by early (years 2–5) or long-term (years 6–11) virologic suppression, among patients with a lowest presuppression CD4 count <200 cells/µL (A) or ≥200 cells/µL (B). Error bars are the 95% confidence intervals. Rates were not estimated for categories with <100 person-years. CD4 counts are 24-month weighted moving averages of up to 3 measurements, updated every 6 months of virologic suppression.
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