Phylogeography of the wide-host range panglobal plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi

Shankar K Shakya¹, Niklaus J Grünwald², Valerie J Fieland¹, Brian J Knaus¹, Jerry E Weiland², Cristiana Maia³, André Drenth⁴, David I Guest⁵, Edward C Y Liew⁶, Colin Crane⁷, Tun-Tschu Chang⁸, Chuen-Hsu Fu⁸, Nguyen Minh Chi⁹, Pham Quang Thu⁹, Bruno Scanu¹⁰, Eugenio Sanfuentes von Stowasser¹¹, Álvaro Durán^{12

13}, Marilia Horta Jung¹⁴, Thomas Jung¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
² Horticultural Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
³ Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
⁴ Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁵ Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁶ Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁷ Vegetation Health Service, Kensington, Washington, Australia.
⁸ Forest Protection Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁹ Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁰ Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
¹¹ Laboratorio de Patología Forestal, Facultad Ciencias Forestales y Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
¹² Bioforest S.A., Casilla 70-C, Concepción, Chile.
¹³ Research and Development, Asia Pacific Resources International Limited, Pangkalan Kerinci, Indonesia.
¹⁴ Phytophthora Research Centre, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

PMID: 34398981
DOI: 10.1111/mec.16109

Phylogeography of the wide-host range panglobal plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi

Shankar K Shakya et al. Mol Ecol. 2021 Oct.

. 2021 Oct;30(20):5164-5178.

doi: 10.1111/mec.16109. Epub 2021 Sep 3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
² Horticultural Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
³ Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
⁴ Centre for Horticultural Science, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁵ Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁶ Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁷ Vegetation Health Service, Kensington, Washington, Australia.
⁸ Forest Protection Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁹ Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁰ Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
¹¹ Laboratorio de Patología Forestal, Facultad Ciencias Forestales y Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
¹² Bioforest S.A., Casilla 70-C, Concepción, Chile.
¹³ Research and Development, Asia Pacific Resources International Limited, Pangkalan Kerinci, Indonesia.
¹⁴ Phytophthora Research Centre, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

PMID: 34398981
DOI: 10.1111/mec.16109

Abstract

Various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the origin of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. P. cinnamomi is a devastating, highly invasive soilborne pathogen associated with epidemics of agricultural, horticultural and forest plantations and native ecosystems worldwide. We conducted a phylogeographic analysis of populations of this pathogen sampled in Asia, Australia, Europe, southern and northern Africa, South America, and North America. Based on genotyping-by-sequencing, we observed the highest genotypic diversity in Taiwan and Vietnam, followed by Australia and South Africa. Mating type ratios were in equal proportions in Asia as expected for a sexual population. Simulations based on the index of association suggest a partially sexual, semi-clonal mode of reproduction for the Taiwanese and Vietnamese populations while populations outside of Asia are clonal. Ancestral area reconstruction provides new evidence supporting Taiwan as the ancestral area, given our sample, indicating that this region might be near or at the centre of origin for this pathogen as speculated previously. The Australian and South African populations appear to be a secondary centre of diversity following migration from Taiwan or Vietnam. Our work also identified two panglobal, clonal lineages PcG1-A2 and PcG2-A2 of A2 mating type found on all continents. Further surveys of natural forests across Southeast Asia are needed to definitively locate the actual centre of origin of this important plant pathogen.

Keywords: invasive species; phylogeography; plant pathogens; population genetics - empirical.

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References

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Phylogeography of the wide-host range panglobal plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi

Affiliations

Phylogeography of the wide-host range panglobal plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

References

REFERENCES

Publication types

MeSH terms

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Full Text Sources