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Review
. 2021 Aug 1;39(4):377-385.
doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.04.002.

Tilted implantation technique for edentulous patients

[Article in English, Chinese]
Zhen Fan  1 , Yue Liu  1 , Zuo-Lin Wang  1
Affiliations
Review

Tilted implantation technique for edentulous patients

[Article in English, Chinese]
Zhen Fan et al. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. .

Abstract
in English, Chinese

The tilted implantation technique is characterized by placing the implant at an angle of more than 15° and less than 45° from the horizontal plane. This technique can avoid damaging the maxillary sinus, inferior alveolar nerve, nasal base, and other anatomical structures when the height of the upper and lower jaw available bone is insufficient, to maximize the use of available bone and avoid a large range of bone increment. The tilted implantation technique can reduce the trauma of the surgery, increase the possibility of immediate restoration and shorten the treatment cycle, which has been widely used clinically. In this review, the scope of application, design elements, design scheme and complications of the tilted implantation technique for edentulous patients will be described.

倾斜植入技术是指当上、下颌可用骨高度不足时，为避让上颌窦、下牙槽神经、鼻底等解剖结构，采取与水平面呈超过15º、小于45º角度植入种植体，最大限度地利用可用骨，避免大范围骨增量的种植方法。牙列缺失患者常存在骨量不足，倾斜种植技术减小了患者的手术创伤，增加了即刻修复的可能性，缩短了患者的治疗周期，在临床中的应用日益广泛。本文对牙列缺失患者临床常用倾斜种植技术的适用范围、设计要素、设计方案及并发症作以阐述。.

Keywords: bone defect; dental implantation; edentulous; pterygomaxillary implant; tilted implantation.

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Conflict of interest statement

利益冲突声明：作者声明本文无利益冲突。

Figures

图 1
图 1. 导板引导种植手术所需开口度示意图
Fig 1 Schematic diagram of the required mouth opening during dental implantation surgery with template
图 2
图 2. 病例1基本情况
Fig 2 Basic information of the first patient A：正面观；B：侧面观；C：曲面体层片；D：右侧第一磨牙区锥形束CT冠状面；E：左侧第一磨牙区锥形束CT冠状面。
图 3
图 3. 病例1种植手术方案设计
Fig 3 Design of dental implantation of the first patient A：上颌咬合面观；B：下颌咬合面观；C：戴入放射导板；D：戴入放射导板后拍摄的曲面断层片；E：上颌种植设计方案；F：下颌种植设计方案。
图 4
图 4. 病例1种植手术及即刻修复过程
Fig 4 Implantation surgery and immediate restoration of the first patient A：硅橡胶咬合记录辅助导板固位；B：上颌术后口内观；C：下颌术后口内观；D：术后曲面体层片；E：口内连接转移杆；F：戴入即刻修复体。
图 5
图 5. 病例1制作最终修复体
Fig 5 Fabrication of final restoration of the first patient A：制作连接转移杆支架；B：口内戴入转移杆；C：曲面体层片检查转移杆就位情况；D：制作钛基底固定临时支架；E：口内试戴树脂修复体；F：曲面体层片检查树脂修复体就位情况。
图 6
图 6. 病例1戴入最终修复体
Fig 6 Insertion of final prothesis of the first patient A：戴入最终修复体口内照；B：曲面体层片显示修复体就位；C：戴入修复体后正面观；D：戴入修复体后侧面观。
图 7
图 7. 病例2术前情况及手术导板制作
Fig 7 Conditions before surgery and fabrication of template of the second patient A：术前曲面体层片；B：上颌；C：下颌；D：上颌导板；E：下颌导板。
图 8
图 8. 病例2种植手术
Fig 8 Implant surgery of the second patient A：种植体植入后口内观；B：术后曲面体层片。
图 9
图 9. 病例2即刻修复过程
Fig 9 Process of immediate restoration of the second patient A：戴入转移杆；B：曲面体层片显示转移杆就位；C：戴入临时修复体口内照；D：曲面体层片确定临时修复体就位。
图 10
图 10. 病例2制作及戴入最终修复体
Fig 10 Fabrication and insertion of final prosthesis of the first patient A：试戴蜡牙；B：试戴树脂义齿；C：戴入最终修复体口内照；D：戴入最终修复体后面像。
图 11
图 11. 病例3设计及制作手术导板
Fig 11 Design and fabrication of template of the third patient A：术前曲面体层片；B：上颌种植设计；C：口内试戴手术导板；D：逆向分析种植体位置是否与设计相同；E：体外打印颌骨模型模拟种植。
图 12
图 12. 病例3种植手术
Fig 12 Process of dental implantation surgery of the third patient A：种植体植入后冠状面观；B：种植体植入后水平面观；C：种植体植入后曲面体层片。
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