Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Dec;36(8):2205-2214.
doi: 10.1007/s11011-021-00828-y. Epub 2021 Aug 21.

Assessing the Evolution of Intracranial Hematomas by using Animal Models: A Review of the Progress and the Challenges

Yihao Chen  1 , Jianbo Chang  1 , Junji Wei  1 , Ming Feng  1 , Renzhi Wang  2
Affiliations
Review

Assessing the Evolution of Intracranial Hematomas by using Animal Models: A Review of the Progress and the Challenges

Yihao Chen et al. Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Stroke has become the second leading cause of death in people aged higher than 60 years, with cancer being the first. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal type of stroke. Using imaging techniques to evaluate the evolution of intracranial hematomas in patients with hemorrhagic stroke is worthy of ongoing research. The difficulty in obtaining ultra-early imaging data and conducting intensive dynamic radiographic imaging in actual clinical settings has led to the application of experimental animal models to assess the evolution of intracranial hematomas. Herein, we review the current knowledge on primary intracerebral hemorrhage mechanisms, focus on the progress of animal studies related to hematoma development and secondary brain injury, introduce preclinical therapies, and summarize related challenges and future directions.

Keywords: Animal model; Hematoma development; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Neuroinflammation; Pathophysiology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Alemany RM, Gustafsson O, Siosteen B, Olsson Y, Raininko R (2002) MR follow-up of small experimental intracranial haemorrhages from hyperacute to subacute phase. Acta Radiol 43:2–9 - DOI
    1. Andaluz N, Zuccarello M, Wagner KR (2002) Experimental animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am 13:385–393 - PubMed - DOI
    1. Anderson CS, Chalmers J, Stapf C (2013) Blood-pressure lowering in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 369:1274–1275 - PubMed
    1. Archie JP, Fixler DE, Ullyot DJ, Buckberg GD, Hoffman JI (1974) Regional myocardial blood flow in lambs with concentric right ventricular hypertrophy. Circ Res 34:143–154 - PubMed - DOI
    1. Aviv RI, Huynh T, Huang Y, Ramsay D, Van Slyke P, Dumont D, Asmah P, Alkins R, Liu R, Hynynen K (2014) An in vivo, MRI-integrated real-time model of active contrast extravasation in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35:1693–1699 - PubMed - PMC - DOI

LinkOut - more resources