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. 2021 Sep;27(9):2399-2408.
doi: 10.3201/eid2709.204447.

Risk Areas for Influenza A(H5) Environmental Contamination in Live Bird Markets, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shovon Chakma, Muzaffar G Osmani, Holy Akwar, Zakiul Hasan, Tanzinah Nasrin, Md Rezaul Karim, Mohammed Abdus Samad, Mohammad Giasuddin, Peter Sly, Zahir Islam, Nitish Chandra Debnath, Eric Brum, Ricardo Soares Magalhães

Risk Areas for Influenza A(H5) Environmental Contamination in Live Bird Markets, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shovon Chakma et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Sep.

Abstract

We evaluated the presence of influenza A(H5) virus environmental contamination in live bird markets (LBMs) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. By using Bernoulli generalized linear models and multinomial logistic regression models, we quantified LBM-level factors associated with market work zone-specific influenza A(H5) virus contamination patterns. Results showed higher environmental contamination in LBMs that have wholesale and retail operations compared with retail-only markets (relative risk 0.69, 95% 0.51-0.93; p = 0.012) and in March compared with January (relative risk 2.07, 95% CI 1.44-2.96; p<0.001). Influenza A(H5) environmental contamination remains a public health problem in most LBMs in Dhaka, which underscores the need to implement enhanced biosecurity interventions in LBMs in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Dhaka; environmental contamination; influenza; influenza A(H5) virus; live bird markets; risk factors; viruses; zoonoses.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Locations of LBMs in the Dhaka metropolitan area, Bangladesh, January–March 2016. Inset map shows location of Dhaka in Bangladesh. DNCC, Dhaka North City Corporation; DSCC, Dhaka South City Corporation; LBM, live bird market.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sampling and laboratory testing protocol for influenza A(H5) in live bird markets, Dhaka, Bangladesh, January–March 2016. VTM, viral transport medium.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of influenza A(H5) virus environmental contamination in specific work zones in LBMs of DNCC and DSCC, Dhaka, Bangladesh, January–March 2016. A) January; B) February; C) March. DNCC, Dhaka North City Corporation; DSCC, Dhaka South City Corporation; LBM, live bird market.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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