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. 2021 Dec 20:801:149642.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149642. Epub 2021 Aug 18.

Estimation of COVID-19 generated medical waste in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Khadija Al-Omran  1 , Ezzat Khan  2 , Nisar Ali  3 , Muhammad Bilal  4
Affiliations

Estimation of COVID-19 generated medical waste in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Khadija Al-Omran et al. Sci Total Environ. .

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not only a great matter of concern from a medical and health perspective, but it is a serious threat to the environment in terms of waste generated during the prevention and cure of COVID-19. The world has so far compromised more than 3 million human lives, and millions are being infected. Environmental threat is most serious because it can cause secondary complications. As per our knowledge, the amount of waste generated during the pandemic and its estimated quantity has not been assessed, thereby keeping the scientific community, Government authorities and public ignorant of its adverse effects. In this context, we have evaluated the waste generated by the Kingdom of Bahrain, estimated to be 35.480 kg/day (face masks), 1894 kg/day (PPEs) by the selected health facilities, 16,633.505 kg (vaccination-related) and 53,551.240 kg (related to tests conducted so far) in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Keywords: COVID-19; Environmental pollution; Personal protective equipment; Solid medical waste; Sustainable management.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Unlabelled Image
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The number of new daily infected persons of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Bahrain and forecast of new cases.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Amount and expected CMW (kg/day), upper and lower confidence bound are also shown, indicating future possibilities of increase/decrease in cases.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Total COVID-19 vaccinated individuals in Bahrain; available vaccines are AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Sinopharm and Sputnik.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The total Covid-19 test performed in Bahrain till May 12, 2021.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Possible schematic explanation of medical waste management.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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