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. 2022 Jan 1;54(1):28-37.
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002775.

Neuroplasticity Caused by Peripheral Proprioceptive Deficits

Hitoshi Shitara  1 , Tsuyoshi Ichinose  1 , Daisuke Shimoyama  1 , Tsuyoshi Sasaki  1 , Noritaka Hamano  1 , Masataka Kamiyama  1 , Tsuyoshi Tajika  1 , Atsushi Yamamoto  1 , Tsutomu Kobayashi  1 , Takashi Hanakawa  2 , Yoshito Tsushima  3 , Kenji Takagishi  1 , Hirotaka Chikuda  1
Affiliations

Neuroplasticity Caused by Peripheral Proprioceptive Deficits

Hitoshi Shitara et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. .

Abstract

Purpose: Proprioceptive feedback is crucial for motor control and stabilization of the shoulder joint in everyday life and sports. Shoulder dislocation causes anatomical and proprioceptive feedback damage that contributes to subsequent dislocations. Previous recurrent anterior shoulder instability (RSI) studies did not investigate functional neuroplasticity related to proprioception of the injured shoulder. Thus, we aimed to study the differences in neuroplasticity related to motor control between patients with RSI and healthy individuals, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and assess the effects of peripheral proprioceptive deficits due to RSI on CNS activity.

Methods: Using passive shoulder motion and voluntary shoulder muscles contraction tasks, we compared the CNS correlates of proprioceptive activity between patients having RSI (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 12) to clarify RSI pathophysiology and the effects of RSI-related peripheral proprioceptive deficits on CNS activity.

Results: Decreased proprioception-related brain activity indicated a deficient passive proprioception in patients with RSI (P < 0.05 family-wise error, cluster level). Proprioceptive afferent-related right cerebellar activity significantly negatively correlated with the extent of shoulder damage (P = 0.001, r = -0.79). Functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal motor control in the CNS during voluntary shoulder muscles contraction.

Conclusion: Our integrated analysis of peripheral anatomical information and brain activity during motion tasks can be used to investigate other orthopedic diseases.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Brain activity during the passive shoulder motion task (image threshold at P < 0.05 FWE, cluster level). A, Overlapping brain activity between healthy participants and RSI patients. The red and blue areas represent brain activity in the healthy participants and RSI patients, respectively. The purple areas represent overlapping brain activity between healthy participants and RSI patients. B, Comparison of brain activity between healthy participants and RSI patients. The green areas represent regions where brain activity is higher in healthy participants compared with RSI patients. L, left; R, right.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Brain activity during the voluntary shoulder muscles contraction task (image threshold at P < 0.05 FWE cluster level). A, Overlapping brain activity between healthy participants and RSI patients. The red and blue areas represent brain activity in the healthy participants and RSI patients, respectively. The purple areas represent overlapping brain activity between healthy participants and RSI patients. B, Brain activity comparison between RSI patients and healthy participants. The green areas represent regions where brain activity was higher in RSI patients compared with healthy participants. L, left; R, right.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Brain activity correlates with the extent of glenoid bone defects in RSI patients. A, Passive shoulder motion task (image threshold at P < 0.005, uncorrected). The blue areas represent brain activities that significantly negatively correlated with the glenoid bone defects in patients with RSI. The right scatter plot shows the correlation between the beta value extracted from the ROI of the right cerebellum and the percentage of the glenoid bone loss. B, Voluntary shoulder muscles contraction task (image threshold at P < 0.05 FWE, cluster level). The red areas represent brain activities that significantly positively correlated with glenoid bone defects in patients with RSI. r, correlation coefficient; L, left; R, right.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Recurrent shoulder instability pathophysiology. The cross mark indicates “failure.”
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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