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. 2021 Aug 17;24(1):240-258.
doi: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1965724. eCollection 2021.

Nanoemulsions as novel nanocarrieres for drug delivery across the skin: In-vitro, in-vivo evaluation of miconazole nanoemulsions for treatment of Candidiasis albicans

Umar Farooq  1   2 , Akhtar Rasul  1 , Muhammad Zafarullah  3 , Ghulam Abbas  1 , Maria Rasool  4 , Farman Ali  5 , Shabbir Ahmed  6 , Zeeshan Javaid  7 , Zoya Abid  8 , Humayun Riaz  2 , Rana Khalid Mahmood Arshad  2 , Shayan Maryam  2 , Naseem Amna  2 , Kanwal Asif  2
Affiliations

Nanoemulsions as novel nanocarrieres for drug delivery across the skin: In-vitro, in-vivo evaluation of miconazole nanoemulsions for treatment of Candidiasis albicans

Umar Farooq et al. Des Monomers Polym. .

Abstract

In the current research, attempt is made to fabricate a nanoemulsion (NE) containing an antifungal agent. The prepared formulation has been expected to enhance skin penetration. It is also studied for in vitro drug release and toxicity assessment. Spontaneous titration method was used for preparation of NE. Prepared NE were characterized for their charge, size, morphology, rheological behaviour, drug release profile, skin permeability. The drug permeation and skin irritation were investigated. The in vitro antifungal activity was inspected using the well agar diffusion method. Miconazole NE showed good penetration in the skin as compared to marketed products. SEM showed semispherical shapes of the droplets. Zeta potential and zeta sizer showed that size was in nano ranges having positive charge.

Keywords: Nanoemulsion; gelatin; miconazole; topical delivery system.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Comparison of penetration of nanocarriers and conventional dosage forms
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Ternary phase diagram
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
(a): SEM image of miconazole loaded nanoemulsions at 1 µm. (b): SEM image of miconazole loaded nanoemulsions at 500 nm. (c): SEM image of miconazole loaded nanoemulsions at 200 nm
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Size range of blank nanoemulsion(blank)
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Size range of nanoemulsion F5 loaded with miconazole
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Zeta potential of blank nanoemulsion formulation
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Zeta potential of miconazole loaded nanoemulsion formulation
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Graphic representation of viscosity of five Blank and miconazole loaded NE formulations
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Graphic representation of conductivity values of five Blank and miconazole loaded NE formulations
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Graphic representation of pH values of five Blank and miconazole loaded NE formulations
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Graphic representation of refractive index values of five Blank and miconazole loaded NE formulations
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Graphic representation of % drug content values of five miconazole loaded NE formulations
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Vertical section histological microphotograph of mouse skin with the staining of hematoxylin and eosin A) formalin treated Positive control at view of lower power (×100); (B) formalin treated negative control at view of lower power (×100); (C) formalin treated Positive control at view of higher power (×400); (D)saline treated negative control at view of higher-power (×400)
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Vertical section histological microphotograph of mouse skin after staining with hematoxylin and eosin A) Placebo treated skin sample at view of lower power (×100); (B) miconazole loaded nanoemulsion (1%w/w) skin sample at view of lower power (×100); (C) saline treated skin sample at view of higher power (×400); (D) miconazole loaded nanoemulsion treated skin at view of higher-power (×400)
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
DSC of Naoemulison, gelatin and miconazole
Figure 16.
Figure 16.
TGA of Naoemulison, gelatin and miconazole
Figure 17.
Figure 17.
XRD of miconazole, gelatin and nanoemulsion
Figure 18.
Figure 18.
Graphical representation of stability data of viscosity study of all five NE formulations
Figure 19.
Figure 19.
Graphical representation of stability data of conductivity study of all five NE formulations
Figure 20.
Figure 20.
Graphical representation of stability data of % miconazole content of all five NE formulations
Figure 21.
Figure 21.
Graphical representation of stability data of pH measurements of all five NE formulations
Figure 22.
Figure 22.
Permeation profiles of five NE formulations in comparison with control
Figure 23.
Figure 23.
Permeation rate (flux) of five NE formulations in comparison with control. (*) represents significant difference of NE formulations flux from control
Figure 24.
Figure 24.
Permeation profiles of three NE formulations in comparison with control
Figure 25.
Figure 25.
Permeation rate (flux) of three NE formulations in comparison with control. (*) represents significant difference of NE formulations flux from control
Figure 26.
Figure 26.
FTIR Spectrum of nanoemulsion (NE), miconazole and gelatin
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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