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Figures
Figure 1
Development of cellular and network…
Figure 1
Development of cellular and network circadian clocks characterized by clock synchronization and complexity.…
Figure 1
Development of cellular and network circadian clocks characterized by clock synchronization and complexity. Single-cell molecular clocks and their inter-cellular network evolve together through the course of development, which results in divergent parallel development of synchronization (red) and complexity (blue). The circadian clock emerges in single cells after embryonic stem cell (ESC) stage and connections are made in single positive polarity (round ending) in the perinatal stage pushed by homogeneously excitatory GABA and high expression of GR, resulting in strong synchronization among the clock cells. Diversity in neuropeptidergic expression and mixture of excitatory and inhibitory GABA (T-shaped ending) develop toward maturation, which slightly lowers the degree of synchronization but allows for complexity by a wider distribution of clock phases as found during seasonal time encoding. The schematics in the upper panel illustrate oscillatory properties of single cells and network coupling for each developmental stage, with thicker connection line indicating stronger coupling.
Editorial on the Research Topic Development of Circadian Clock Functions
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