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Review
. 2021 Jul 27;11(8):253.
doi: 10.3390/bios11080253.

Comprehensive Review Tapered Optical Fiber Configurations for Sensing Application: Trend and Challenges

Bakr Ahmed Taha  1 , Norazida Ali  1 , Nurfarhana Mohamad Sapiee  1 , Mahmoud Muhanad Fadhel  1 , Ros Maria Mat Yeh  1 , Nur Nadia Bachok  1 , Yousif Al Mashhadany  2 , Norhana Arsad  1
Affiliations
Review

Comprehensive Review Tapered Optical Fiber Configurations for Sensing Application: Trend and Challenges

Bakr Ahmed Taha et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Understanding environmental information is necessary for functions correlated with human activities to improve healthcare quality and reduce ecological risk. Tapered optical fibers reduce some limitations of such devices and can be considerably more responsive to fluorescence and absorption properties changes. Data have been collected from reliable sources such as Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In this narrative review, we have summarized and analyzed eight classes of tapered-fiber forms: fiber Bragg grating (FBG), long-period fiber grating (LPFG), Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), photonic crystals fiber (PCF), surface plasmonic resonance (SPR), multi-taper devices, fiber loop ring-down technology, and optical tweezers. We evaluated many issues to make an informed judgement about the viability of employing the best of these methods in optical sensors. The analysis of performance for tapered optical fibers depends on four mean parameters: taper length, sensitivity, wavelength scale, and waist diameter. Finally, we assess the most potent strategy that has the potential for medical and environmental applications.

Keywords: Bragg grating; microstructure; optical sensors; refractive index sensor; tapered optical fiber.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 3
Figure 3
Tapered fiber optic based on FBG structures. (a) Illustration of hybrid S-taper/FBG structure [62]. (b) Illustration of cascaded S-taper/FBG structure [63]. (c) Illustration of Fabry–Perot/tapered FBG structure [70]. (d) Illustration of long tapered fiber/array of FBG structure [71,72].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Tapered fiber based on Mach–Zehnder (MZI) structures. (a) Illustration of tapered based on single cavity [82]. (b) Illustration of tapered based on double air cavities [87]. (c) Illustration of tapered based on air cavity and spot [90]. (d) Illustration tapered based on single air cavity/channel [91].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of the tapered fiber standard [56].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Taxonomy of literature research on tapered optic fiber.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Tapered fiber optic based on long-period fiber grating (LPFG) structure [75].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Tapered fiber based on photonic crystals fiber (PCF) [94].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Tapered fiber optic based on surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) [105].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Tapered fiber optic based on multi-taper devices [108].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Tapered fiber optic based on fiber loop ring-down (FLRD) [115].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Tapered fiber optic based on optical tweezer structures [122].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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