Utilizing the BAT-LQ to assess TBI incidence in a college student population

Abstract

Objective: Although the annual number of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) reported in the US exceeds two million, data suggests that this is an underestimate. The goal of this study was to understand lifetime TBI incidence among a sample of college students. Additionally, this study examined whether a single yes/no question regarding TBI history was sufficient to gather accurate information about TBI incidence in college students.

Design: Participants were asked a single TBI question and administered the BAT-LQ.

Main measures: The BAT-LQ is a screening tool designed to assess for probable lifetime TBIs.

Results: Data from 121 participants were analyzed for this study. On the single-question, 24.8% of participants reported experiencing a TBI. However, upon further prompting, 76.8% of all participants reported experiencing a blow to the head accompanied by at least one diagnostic symptom of a TBI, suggesting a probable TBI based on best-practice diagnosis guidelines.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that increased education about TBI is warranted to ensure that individuals receive care for probable TBIs, as many individuals likely lack knowledge about what constitutes a TBI diagnosis. Additionally, the results suggest that a single question may not be sufficient to capture true lifetime TBI incidence.

Keywords: Mild brain injury; sport; traumatic brain injury.