Dietary Implications of Detoxified Jatrophacurcas Kernel for Clariasgariepinus Fingerlings

Abstract

Antinutritional components must be substantially reduced to ensure better utilization of unconventional feeds in animal nutrition. Among the different methods of processing, soaking represents a simple and inexpensive alternative. This study attempted to determine the nutritional properties of socked Jatropha curcas kernel (JCK) and the effect of its dietary inclusions on Clarias gariepinus (n = 50; mean initial weight = 6.19 ± 0.52 g). Three treatments of JCK (i.e., soaking 24, 48, and 72 h) were tested alongside a control group. The result showed that soaking substantially improved proximate composition and reduced anti-nutrient compared to the control JCK. A similar trend of improved performance was observed when the treated JCK was included in diets composed of 35% crude protein; a total of 315 kcal g^-1 energy and fed to C. gariepinus for 56 days. Alongside the improvement observed in growth, it was also noted that carcass protein and haematological variables were improved with the dietary administration of soaked JCK. Histological examination of the intestine and liver tissues also revealed fewer signs of histopathological degeneration in the fish, consequent upon dietary inclusion of soaked JCK (i.e., 72 h) compared to those raised on the raw JCK-included diets. It was, therefore, concluded that soaking could be a much easier method of nutritionally improving JCK for the administration to C. gariepinus.

Keywords: African catfish; antinutritional components; feed processing; jatropha kernel; non-conventional feedstuff; soaking.

Figure 1

Microsection of the intestine of African catfish C. gariepinus fed inclusion of (A) raw J. curcas kernel; (B) and 72 h socked J. curcas kernel (arrows shows sloughed epithelial linings).

Figure 2

Microsection of the Liver of African catfish C. gariepinus fed inclusion of (A) raw J. curcas kernel; (B) and 72 h socked J. curcas kernel (arrows show portions of sloughed/necrotic liver cells).