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Review
. 2021 Jul 28;9(8):176.
doi: 10.3390/toxics9080176.

A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity

Amid Mostafaie  1 , Diogo N Cardoso  1 , Mohammadreza Kamali  2 , Susana Loureiro  1
Affiliations
Review

A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity

Amid Mostafaie et al. Toxics. .

Abstract

The growth of industrialization has led to an increase in the production of highly contaminated wastewater. Industrial wastewater contains highly complex compounds varying in characteristics and required to be treated before its discharge into a water medium from various industries. However, the efficiency of the treated wastewater from the toxicity reduction perspective is unclear. In order to overcome this barrier, toxicity assessment of the industrial wastewater before and after treatment is crucial. Thus, in this study, a scientometric analysis has been performed on the toxicity assessment of industrial wastewater and sludges, which have been reported in the literature. Web of Science (WoS) core collection database has been considered the main database to execute this analysis. Via the search of pre-researched keywords, a total number of 1038 documents were collected, which have been published from 1951 to 2020. Via CiteSpace software and WoS analyser, these documents went under analysis regarding some of the scientometry criteria, and the detailed results obtained are provided in this study. The total number of published documents on this topic is relatively low during such a long period of time. In conclusion, the need for more detailed contributions among the scientific and industrial communities has been felt.

Keywords: industry; scientometry; sludge; toxicology; wastewater.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Research design used in the scientometric study performed for industrial effluent and sludge toxicity. To initiate this analysis’s execution, primarily, the search details, such as the pre-analyzed keywords and the English language, were inserted in the advanced search mode of WoS (shown with dark blue). Then, the obtained articles were separately analyzed via CiteSpace software (show in green), WoS analysis (shown in red), and the joint analysis of both analyzers (shown in light blue) regarding the scientometric criteria. Thereafter, conclusions were drawn based on the obtained results.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The number of scientific documents published on industrial effluent and sludge toxicity performed on industrial wastewater from 1950 to 2020 (a). Fitted curve and cumulative number of publication in the adopted duration (b).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The obtained results demonstrating the types of published scientific documents on toxicity analysis on industrial wastewater during the adopted period (1950–2020) gathered from WoS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The timeline of the keywords appears in the scientific documents published in the field of industrial effluent and sludge toxicity from 1950 to 2020 via the utilization of CiteSpace software.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The analysis regarding the appeared keywords in the scientific documents published on the industrial effluent and sludge toxicity analysis from 1950 to 2020 via CiteSpace software. Figure (a) represents the keywords’ analysis without the centrality for better visualization, and (b) demonstrates the same figure with the respective centrality.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The analysis regarding the authors who have contributed to the field of industrial effluent and sludge toxicity during the adopted period achieved from the utilization of CiteSpace software.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The analysis regarding the contributing countries and institutions in the field of industrial effluent and sludge toxicity from 1951 to 2020. This analysis has been achieved via the utilization of CiteSpace software.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Countries that most contribute to the field of the industrial effluent and sludge toxicity analysis with their respective number of published documents over the adopted duration from 1951 to 2020. The most contributing countries in this field have been presented with a darker color in the map, and the variation in the utilized color demonstrates the number of contributions provided by different countries.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The obtained results from the analysis of the cited authors and organizations contributing to the field of industrial effluent and sludge toxicity from 1951 to 2020. Both illustrations (a,b) have been achieved via the utilization of CiteSpace software. Figure (a) represents the cited authors in this field, while figure (b) illustrates the clustering applied to the most cited authors.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The results were achieved to analyze the most cited journals contributing to the field of industrial effluent and sludge toxicity from 1951 to 2020(the visualization of the cited journals (a) and the visualization of clustering of the cited journals (b)).
Figure 10
Figure 10
The results were achieved to analyze the most cited journals contributing to the field of industrial effluent and sludge toxicity from 1951 to 2020(the visualization of the cited journals (a) and the visualization of clustering of the cited journals (b)).
Figure 11
Figure 11
The analysis was performed on the categories in which the documents on industrial effluent and sludge toxicity from 1951 to 2018 were divided into. This analysis has been executed via the utilization of CiteSpace software.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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