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. 2021 Aug 19;8(8):713.
doi: 10.3390/children8080713.

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Phenylketonuria Does Not Depend on Metabolic Control and Is Not More Frequent Than in Healthy Subjects-A Cross-Sectional Study

Marek Walkowiak  1 , Łukasz Kałużny  2 , Renata Mozrzymas  3 , Małgorzata Jamka  2 , Bożena Mikołuć  4 , Joanna Jagłowska  5 , Ewa Starostecka  6 , Roza Nurgaliyeva  7 , Jarosław Walkowiak  2 , Aleksandra Lisowska  8
Affiliations

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Phenylketonuria Does Not Depend on Metabolic Control and Is Not More Frequent Than in Healthy Subjects-A Cross-Sectional Study

Marek Walkowiak et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

In a small preliminary study, phenylketonuria and poor metabolic control were suggested as risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in children as detected with an antigen stool test. We aimed to determine Helicobacter pylori prevalence in an adequately sized group of individuals with phenylketonuria and healthy subjects using the standard gold test (urea breath test). Further, we correlated Helicobacter pylori infection with metabolic control. The study comprised 103 individuals with phenylketonuria and 103 healthy subjects on whom a 13C urea breath test was performed. Blood phenylalanine levels in the preceding year were analysed. The infection rate did not differ between individuals with phenylketonuria and healthy subjects (10.7% vs 15.5%; p = 0.41). The frequency of testing and phenylalanine concentrations of Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative patients with phenylketonuria did not differ (p = 0.92 and p = 0.54, respectively). No associations were detected for body mass index or metabolic control. Forward stepwise regression models revealed that age (p = 0.0009-0.0016) was the only independent correlate of Helicobacter pylori infection with a relatively low fraction of the variability of the condition being explained (adjR2 = 0.0721-0.0754; model p = 0.020-0.023). In conclusion, Helicobacter pylori infection in phenylketonuria is not more frequent than in the general population. Moreover, it does not depend on metabolic control.

Keywords: anthropometry; inborn errors of metabolism; paediatrics; phenylalanine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ł.K. reports fees and nonfinancial support from Nutricia, Nestle-Vitaflo, Mead Johnson, Biomarin, Recordati and Takeda. J.W. reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from Biocodex, BGP Products, Chiesi, Hipp, Humana, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nestle, Nutricia, Roche, Sequoia Pharmaceuticals and Vitis Pharma, outside the submitted work, and also a grant and personal fees from Norsa Pharma and Nutricia Research Foundation Poland, also outside the submitted work. A.L. reports personal fees from Norsa Pharma, outside the submitted work and a grant from Nutricia Research Foundation Poland. Other authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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