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Review
. 2021 Aug 18;9(8):1765.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9081765.

Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis

Manon Dechêne-Tempier  1   2 , Corinne Marois-Créhan  1 , Virginie Libante  2 , Eric Jouy  1 , Nathalie Leblond-Bourget  2 , Sophie Payot  2
Affiliations
Review

Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis

Manon Dechêne-Tempier et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides. Most of the resistance mechanisms are encoded by antibiotic resistance genes, and a large part are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be transferred through horizontal gene transfer. This review provides an update of the resistance genes, their combination in multidrug isolates, and their localization on MGEs in S. suis. It also includes an overview of the contribution of biofilm to antimicrobial resistance in this bacterial species. The identification of resistance genes and study of their localization in S. suis as well as the environmental factors that can modulate their dissemination appear essential in order to decipher the role of this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic genes for other species.

Keywords: GIs; ICEs; IMEs; Streptococcus suis; UCSs; antibiotic resistance; biofilm; competence; conjugation; horizontal gene transfer; mechanisms; mobile genetic elements; plasmids; prophages; resistance genes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Resistance genes described in Streptococcus suis. The different genes conferring antibiotic resistance are classified in two ways: (i) according to their mechanism of resistance (on the left: degradation or modification of the target antibiotic; in the middle: efflux mechanisms; and on the right: target protection or modification, separated by a dotted line) and (ii) according to the family of antibiotics they target (circles of different colors: green for macrolides/lincosamides, blue for tetracyclines, pink for aminoglycosides, orange for amphenicols, gray for glycopeptides, black for other families).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Co-occurrences of resistance genes described in Streptococcus suis. Ribbons indicate the co-occurrences between antibiotic resistance genes that have been reported in S. suis. The right panel includes all the genes described in S. suis. The left panel only includes those that have been described in association with other genes in the same strain of S. suis. The color code used is the same as for Figure 1. Detailed data are available as Supplementary Materials (Table S1).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes described in Streptococcus suis. Ribbons indicate the association between resistance genes (appearing in the right panel) and mobile genetic elements (on the left panel). The color code used to distinguish the different resistance genes is the same as for Figure 1 and Figure 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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