Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Korean Version of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM)

Abstract

Internationally, Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is being used to evaluate and compare students' awareness regarding medical education environment. This study aimed to adapt DREEM into Korean, to evaluate the reliability and validity, and to compare its structure to the original DREEM structure. The DREEM was translated using 6 steps which were suggested in cross-cultural adaptation protocols: translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, pilot test, and psychometric study (N = 451). We performed confirmatory factor analysis including basic analysis. For evaluating the original model's goodness of fit with the acquired dataset, model fit indices and construct validity were discussed. The Korean version was completed upon through cross-cultural adaptation protocols. Statistical analysis with 451 data sets showed that the root mean square error of approximation = 0.06, goodness-of-fit index = 0.75, and Tucker-Lewis index = 0.73. Almost construct reliabilities were all over 0.707. Except for just one pair, all squares of correlation coefficients were greater than the corresponding average variance extracted. In conclusion, we developed the Korean version of DREEM. Although the original 5-factor structure was acceptable, low convergent and discriminant validity indices suggested that further studies for the Korean environment are necessary for the respecified or modified factor structures.

Figure 1

The cross-cultural adaptation process of this study.

Figure 2

The confirmatory factor analysis model and the model fit indices.