Lower response to denosumab in diabetes patients on hemodialysis

Abstract

Introduction: The incidence of fractures is much higher in patients with chronic kidney disease, especially those on hemodialysis (HD). Denosumab is known to treat osteoporosis. However, no exact guideline exists for treatment with denosumab in patients, especially those with diabetes. This study analyzed the effect of denosumab in HD patients with or without diabetes.

Materials and methods: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed in 89 HD patients: 42 were diagnosed with osteoporosis. 33 patients were treated with denosumab. An observational retrospective analysis was conducted in 25 HD patients whose follow-up biomarkers were measured at 6 months after denosumab treatment.

Findings: Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (LS) and femur neck (FN) were largely improved (+3.40% and 4.96%, respectively) 1 year after the treatment. The T-scores were also improved. Both bone turnover markers were significantly decreased 6 months after treatment; the levels of C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bsALP) were decreased by -1.04 ± 1.24 ng/mL (p < 0.001) and -35.72 ± 36.07 IU/L (p < 0.001), respectively. The response was significantly different between the diabetes and non-diabetes group. The increase in LS BMD was significantly lower in the diabetes group than in the non-diabetes group (0.02 ± 0.03 vs. 0.07 ± 0.02, p = 0.02). Decrease in CTX, but not in bsALP, was also lower in the diabetes group compared to the non-diabetes group (-0.58 ± 0.70 vs. -1.55 ± 1.12, p = 0.03). Pretreatment with calcium and calcitriol prevented symptomatic hypocalcemia except in 1 case.

Conclusion: Denosumab improved bone density and osteoclastic activity in HD patients, with a lower response in patients with diabetes.