Intranasal foreign bodies: A 10-year analysis of a large cohort, in a tertiary medical center

Abstract

Background: Nasal foreign bodies (NFB) are commonly seen in pediatric patients seeking medical attention in the emergency department (ED). We aim to describe the occurrence, clinical presentation and management, of these cases, and to assess various risk factors for complications.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a computerized patient directory of 562 children admitted to the emergency department during a 10-year period, with NFB, in a tertiary pediatric hospital.

Results: Upon admittance, most of the children (82%) were asymptomatic. Among the symptomatic children (18%), the primary symptoms were nasal discharge (10%), epistaxis (8%) and pain (4%). Younger children (under 4 years) were more likely to insert organic materials, compared to older children. Younger children were also admitted sooner to the emergency department and were more likely to present with nasal discharge. The overall complication rate was 5%. None of the children had aspirated the foreign body. Complications included infection (2%), necrosis (0.7%), septal perforation (0.5%), deep mucosal laceration (1.5%) and loss of foreign body (1.9%). Significantly higher rates of symptoms and complications were associated with button batteries. Increased risk for complications were observed according to type of foreign body, multiple attempts to remove it, posterior insertion and left-side insertion.

Conclusions: Nasal foreign bodies in children are common. Mostly, patients are asymptomatic, therefore a high index of suspicion is required, for quick diagnosis and safe removal, without complications.

Keywords: Batteries; Complications; Epistaxis; Foreign nasal bodies; Organic.