Advances in the treatment of gastric cancer: 2020-2021

Abstract

Purpose of review: To review studies from 2020 to 2021 in esophagogastric cancer.

Recent findings: After up front D2 gastrectomy for lymph node-positive gastric cancer, 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin achieved superior disease-free survival (DFS) compared with 1 year of S-1. The addition of adjuvant radiotherapy, however, added no benefit. After chemoradiotherapy and surgery in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer, in patients with residual disease found at surgery, 1 year of adjuvant nivolumab substantially improved DFS compared with observation alone, leading to regulatory approval for adjuvant nivolumab. In metastatic esophagogastric cancer, the addition of either pembrolizumab or nivolumab to first-line chemotherapy improved response, disease free, and overall survival with the greatest survival benefit dependent on programmed death receptor ligand, programmed death receptor ligand -1 status, leading to regulatory approval for these agents. A preliminary report of a phase 3 trial adding pembrolizumab to first-line chemotherapy with trastuzumab in HER2-positive gastric cancer reported a significant improvement in response, leading to regulatory approval for pembrolizumab. The fibroblast growth factor receptor appears to be a promising new target in gastroesophageal cancer based on phase 2 data for bemarituzumab.

Summary: Optimal adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 resection of node-positive gastric cancer is 6 months of a fluorinated pyrimidine and oxaliplatin, with no benefit for adjuvant radiotherapy. Adjuvant nivolumab after resection of esophageal cancer after chemoradiotherapy improves DFS and is a new care standard. Pembrolizumab added to first-line chemotherapy in both HER2-positive and negative esophagogastric cancer improves outcome and is a new standard of care. Nivolumab added to first-line chemotherapy in HER2-negative gastric cancer improves treatment outcome and is a new care standard.