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. 2021 Aug 12:8:670045.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.670045. eCollection 2021.

A Novel Risk Scoring Tool to Predict Saphenous Vein Graft Occlusion After Cardiac Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Yujing Cheng  1 , Xiaoteng Ma  1 , Xiaoli Liu  1 , Yingxin Zhao  1 , Yan Sun  1 , Dai Zhang  1 , Qi Zhao  1 , Yingkai Xu  1 , Yujie Zhou  1
Affiliations

A Novel Risk Scoring Tool to Predict Saphenous Vein Graft Occlusion After Cardiac Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Yujing Cheng et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Objectives: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) success is reduced by graft occlusion. Understanding factors associated with graft occlusion may improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive risk score for saphenous vein graft (SVG) occlusion after CABG. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 3,716 CABG patients from January 2012 to March 2013. The development cohort included 2,477 patients and the validation cohort included 1,239 patients. The baseline clinical data at index CABG was analyzed for their independent impact on graft occlusion in our study using Cox proportional hazards regression. The predictive risk scoring tool was weighted by beta coefficients from the final model. Concordance (c)-statistics and comparison of the predicted and observed probabilities of predicted risk were used for discrimination and calibration. Results: A total of 959 (25.8%) out of 3,716 patients developed at least one late SVG occlusion. Significant risk factors for occlusion were female sex [beta coefficients (β) = 0.52], diabetes (β = 0.21), smoking (currently) (β = 0.32), hyperuricemia (β = 0.22), dyslipidemia (β = 0.52), prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (β = 0.21), a rising number of SVG (β = 0.12) and lesion vessels (β = 0.45). On-pump surgery (β = -0.46) and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (β = -0.59) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) (β = -0.23) were protective factors. The risk scoring tool with 11 variables was developed from the derivation cohort, which delineated each patient into risk quartiles. The c-statistic for this model was 0.71 in the validation cohort. Conclusions: An easy-to-use risk scoring tool which included female sex, diabetes, smoking, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, prior PCI, a rising number of SVG and lesion vessels, on-pump surgery, the use of ACEI/ ARB and CCB was developed and validated. The scoring tool accurately estimated the risk of late SVG occlusion after CABG (c-statistic = 0.71).

Keywords: coronary artery bypass grafting; coronary artery disease; graft occlusion; risk factor; saphenous vein.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cumulative rate of SVG occlusion for patients classified into four groups based on the developed risk score. Risk groups 1-4 represent risk scores ≤ 5, 6-10, 11-13, and ≥14. SVG, saphenous vein graft.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Observed rate of occlusion with 95% confidence interval vs. model-predicted risk of occlusion in groups based on the developed risk score. SVG, saphenous vein graft.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The calibration plot presents the predicted risk against the observed proportion of late SVG occlusion for 21 groups based on the calculated SVG occlusion risk score. A locally weighted regression line is plotted to show the general trend. The dashed line is the line of reference shows the ideal calibration line. SVG, saphenous vein graft.
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