Differential expression gene/protein contribute to heat stress-responsive in Tetraena propinqua in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Within their natural habitat, plants are subjected to abiotic stresses that include heat stress. In the current study, the effect of 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h of heat stress on Tetraena propinqua ssp. migahidii seedling's protein profile and proteomic analyses were investigated. Total soluble protein SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) profile showed 18-protein bands, the newly synthesized protein band (with molecular weights 86.5, 30.2 and 31.4 KD) at 24 h of heat stress and 48 of normal conditions. Proteomic analysis showed that 81 and 930 targets are involved in gene and protein expression respectively. At 4 h, 57 genes and 110 proteins in C4 reached 56 genes and 173 proteins in T4. At 24 h, 63 genes and 180 proteins in C24 decreased to 54 genes and 151 protein in T24. After 48 h, 56 genes and 136 proteins in C48 increased to 64 genes and 180 proteins in T48. The genes and proteins involved in transcription, translation, photosynthesis, transport, and other unknown metabolic processes, were differentially expressed under treatments of heat stress. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms related to heat stress, in addition to its influence on the physiological traits of T. propinqua seedlings. Heat stress-mediated differential regulation genes indicate a role in the development and stress response of T. propinqua. The candidate dual-specificity genes and proteins identified in this study paves way for more molecular analysis of up-and-down-regulation.

Keywords: Heat stress; Protein SDS-PAGE profile; Proteomics; Tetraena propinqua.

Fig. 1

Changes in the protein profile of T. propinqua seedlings under heat stress among control (C, 25 °C) and treated (T, 40 °C) for 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively. (A) SDS-PAGE, (B) Cluster analysis of SDS-PAGE.

Fig. 2

Histogram illustrating the functional classification of identified and unidentified genes from T. propinqua categorized by their major function based on information from Uni-Prot databases and gene ontology.

Fig. 3

Diagram illustrating the percentage of the major functional genes in cellular components.

Fig. 4

The PCA-Biplot of the 81 genes was differentially expressed in T. propinqua under heat stress. Control (C, 25 °C) and treated (T, 40 °C) for 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively.

Fig. 5

The Heatmap of the 81 genes was differentially expressed in T. propinqua seedlings under heat stress. Control (C, 25 °C) and treated (T, 40 °C) for 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively.

Fig. 6

PCA-Biplot for the 930 protein species were identified in T. propinqua seedlings under heat stress. Control (C, 25 °C) and treated (T, 40 °C) for 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively.

Fig. 7

Heatmap for the 930 protein species was identified in T. propinqua seedlings under heat stress. Control (C, 25 °C) and treated (T, 40 °C) for 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively.