Solitary osseous plasmacytomas in dogs: 13 cases (2004-2019)

Abstract

Objectives: To further characterise solitary osseous plasmacytoma in dogs, an extremely rare disease. To describe diagnosis, disease progression and treatment outcomes in dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytoma.

Materials and methods: Retrospective review of dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytomas that were diagnosed and treated at a single institution from 2005 to 2019. Kaplan-Meier single group survival analysis was used to estimate median survival time and progression-free interval.

Results: Thirteen dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study, and of those, 11 were treated. The median age at diagnosis was 8 years (range 4 to 11). Most solitary osseous plasmacytomas occurred in the vertebrae (n=8). Other sites included the maxilla (n=2), the mandible (n=1), the tibia (n=1) and the carpus (n=1). The median survival time for all dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytoma was 912 days (range 5 to 2179), and the progression-free interval for treated dogs was 310 days (range 22 to 2179). Most dogs were treated with radiation therapy (n=10) with nine of 10 receiving a definitive, daily fractionated protocol and with five of ten having had neoadjuvant surgery. Seven dogs received chemotherapy, which was initiated after progressive disease in five dogs. The median survival time for dogs that completed radiation therapy (n=9) was 1166 days (range 545 to 2179). While five dogs developed lesions at other sites, no dogs progressed to multiple myeloma.

Clinical significance: Canine solitary osseous plasmacytomas can be managed long term with appropriate local therapy. This observation reflects the biologic behaviour observed in humans.

FIG 1

Kaplan–Meier curve estimating the progression‐free interval (PFI) (median PFI 310 days; range 22 to 2179 days) of 11 dogs treated for solitary osseous plasmacytoma. Black dots indicate censored observations which were dogs with no noted disease progression

FIG 2

Kaplan–Meier curve estimating the overall survival [median survival time (MST) 912 days; range 5 to 2179] of 13 dogs diagnosed with solitary osseous plasmacytoma. Black dots indicate censored observations which were dogs alive at the time of manuscript preparation

FIG 3

Kaplan–Meier curve estimating the survival [median survival time (MST) 965 days; range 32 to 2179] of 11 dogs treated for solitary osseous plasmacytoma. Black dots indicate censored observations which were dogs alive at the time of manuscript preparation

FIG 4

Kaplan–Meier curve estimating the survival [median survival time (MST) 1166 days; range 545 to 2179] of nine dogs diagnosed with solitary osseous plasmacytoma that completed radiation therapy. Black dots indicate censored observations which were dogs alive at the time of manuscript preparation