Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Nov;31(6):e2288.
doi: 10.1002/rmv.2288. Epub 2021 Sep 2.

Clinical and laboratory factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Le Huu Nhat Minh  1   2 , Ali Ahmed-Fouad Abozaid  2   3 , Nam Xuan Ha  2   4 , Loc Le Quang  2   5 , Abdelrahman Gamil Gad  2   3 , Ranjit Tiwari  2   6 , Tran Nhat-Le  2   4 , Dinh Kim Quyen  2   5 , Balqees Al-Manaseer  2   7 , Nguyen Dang Kien  2   8 , Nguyen Lam Vuong  5 , Ahmad Helmy Zayan  2   9 , Le Huu Hanh Nhi  10 , Kadek Agus Surya Dila  2   11 , Joseph Varney  2   12 , Nguyen Tien Huy  2   13
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Clinical and laboratory factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Le Huu Nhat Minh et al. Rev Med Virol. 2021 Nov.

Abstract

SARS Coronavirus-2 is one of the most widespread viruses globally during the 21st century, whose severity and ability to cause severe pneumonia and death vary. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of all studies that met our standardised criteria and then extracted data on the age, symptoms, and different treatments of Covid-19 patients and the prognosis of this disease during follow-up. Cases in this study were divided according to severity and death status and meta-analysed separately using raw mean and single proportion methods. We included 171 complete studies including 62,909 confirmed cases of Covid-19, of which 148 studies were meta-analysed. Symptoms clearly emerged in an escalating manner from mild-moderate symptoms, pneumonia, severe-critical to the group of non-survivors. Hypertension (Pooled proportion (PP): 0.48 [95% Confident interval (CI): 0.35-0.61]), diabetes (PP: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.16-0.33]) and smoking (PP: 0.12 [95% CI: 0.03-0.38]) were highest regarding pre-infection comorbidities in the non-survivor group. While acute respiratory distress syndrome (PP: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.29-0.78]), (PP: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.34-0.97]) remained one of the most common complications in the severe and death group respectively. Bilateral ground-glass opacification (PP: 0.68 [95% CI: 0.59-0.75]) was the most visible radiological image. The mortality rates estimated (PP: 0.11 [95% CI: 0.06-0.19]), (PP: 0.03 [95% CI: 0.01-0.05]), and (PP: 0.01 [95% CI: 0-0.3]) in severe-critical, pneumonia and mild-moderate groups respectively. This study can serve as a high evidence guideline for different clinical presentations of Covid-19, graded from mild to severe, and for special forms like pneumonia and death groups.

Keywords: ARDS; Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; critical; death; laboratory; mild; pneumonia; radiology; symptomatology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

We declare that there is no conflict of interests while conducting this study.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram of the article selection procedure. WOS, Web of Science
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The pooled proportion of clinical symptoms on severity grading
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The pooled proportion of laboratory values on severity grading. CRP, C‐reactive protein
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The pooled proportion of laboratory values according to death status
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) by real‐time RT‐PCR. Euro Surveill. 2020;25:2000045. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395:565‐574. - PMC - PubMed
    1. WHO Emergencies Preparedness Team . What Are the Symptoms of COVID‐19? World Health Organization; 2020. Accessed March 17, 2021. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel‐coronavirus‐2019/question...
    1. Koyama T, Platt D, Parida L. Variant analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes. Bull World Health Organ. 2020;98:495‐504. - PMC - PubMed
    1. WHO Emergency Response Team . COVID‐19 Weekly Epidemiological Update, 9 March 2021. World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly‐epidemiological‐update‐‐‐...

MeSH terms