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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2022 Jan 1;107(1):230-240.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab649.

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Prediabetes

Neda Rasouli  1 , Irwin G Brodsky  2 , Ranee Chatterjee  3 , Sun H Kim  4 , Richard E Pratley  5 , Myrlene A Staten  6 , Anastassios G Pittas  7 ; D2d Research Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Prediabetes

Neda Rasouli et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. .

Abstract

Context: Vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis pathways, but effects of vitamin D supplementation on β-cell function remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.

Methods: This is a prespecified secondary analysis of the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes study. Overweight/obese adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes (prediabetes) were randomly treated with vitamin D3 4000 IU or matching placebo daily for 24 months.

Main outcome: Disposition index (DI), as an estimate of β-cell function, was calculated as the product of Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 indices derived from C-peptide values (HOMA2%Scpep) and C-peptide response during the first 30 minutes of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Results: Mean age was 60.5 ± 9.8 years and body mass index was 31.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2. Mean serum 25(OH)D level increased from 27.9 ± 10.3 ng/mL at baseline to 54.9 ng/mL at 2 years in the vitamin D group and was unchanged (28.5 ± 10.0 ng/mL) in the placebo group. The baseline DI predicted incident diabetes independent of the intervention. In the entire cohort, there were no significant differences in changes in DI, HOMA2%Scpep, or C-peptide response between the 2 groups. Among participants with baseline 25(OH)D level <12 ng/mL, the mean percent differences for DI between the vitamin D and placebo groups was 8.5 (95% CI, 0.2-16.8).

Conclusions: Supplementation with vitamin D3 for 24 months did not improve an OGTT-derived index of β-cell function in people with prediabetes not selected based on baseline vitamin D status; however, there was benefit among those with very low baseline vitamin D status.

Keywords: beta-cell function; insulin sensitivity; prediabetes; vitamin D.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow diagram of study cohort.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

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