Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Aug 13:12:689079.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.689079. eCollection 2021.

Estimates of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Burden Attributable to Particulate Matter Pollution and Its 30-Year Change Patterns: A Systematic Analysis of Data From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Ying Wu  1 , Rongguo Fu  1 , Chen Lei  2 , Yujiao Deng  3 , Weiyang Lou  4 , Li Wang  1 , Yi Zheng  1 , Xinyue Deng  4 , Si Yang  3 , Meng Wang  3 , Zhen Zhai  3 , Yuyao Zhu  1 , Dong Xiang  5 , Jingjing Hu  6 , Zhijun Dai  4 , Jie Gao  1
Affiliations

Estimates of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Burden Attributable to Particulate Matter Pollution and Its 30-Year Change Patterns: A Systematic Analysis of Data From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Ying Wu et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological trends of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution remain unclear. Here, we estimated spatiotemporal trends of type 2 diabetes mellitus burden attributable to PM2.5 pollution, including ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and household air pollution (HAP), from 1990-2019.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and were analyzed by age, sex, year, and location. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied in the analysis of temporal trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden over the 30 years.

Results: Globally, PM2.5 pollution contributed to 292.5 thousand deaths and 13 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019. APMP ranked third among all risk factors, causing an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden from 1990, whereas the impact of HAP significantly fell during the same period. Both APMP and HAP contributed the most to deaths and DALYs of type 2 diabetes mellitus among older people. However, the age-standardized death and DALY rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to APMP were greater among males and people in the middle socio-demographic index countries, especially in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. For HAP, type 2 diabetes mellitus burden was modestly higher in females and was highest in Oceania, which was the only region with an increase from 1990.

Conclusions: PM2.5 pollution resulted in substantial and increasing type 2 diabetes mellitus burden worldwide. Hence, governments and health systems should take steps to reduce air pollution to mitigate this increasing burden.

Keywords: Global Burden of Disease; PM2.5 pollution; ambient particulate matter pollution; household air pollution; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Temporal trends of global type 2 diabetes mellitus burden attributable to particulate matter pollution from 1990 to 2019 for both sexes combined for all ages. (A) ASDR of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to APMP; (B) Age-standardized DALY rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to APMP; (C) ASDR of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to HAP; (D) Age-standardized DALY rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to HAP. ASDR, age-standardized death rate; APMP, ambient particulate matter pollution; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; HAP, household air pollution.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among different genders and ages in 2019. (A) Death rates. (B) DALY rates. DALY, disability-adjusted life year.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age-standardized DALY rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to particulate matter pollution in 2019 and their percentage changes in rates from 1990 to 2019 across 21 GBD regions among different genders. (A) Age-standardized DALY rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to APMP; (B) Percentage changes in age-standardized DALY rates attributable to APMP from 1990 to 2019; (C) Age-standardized DALY rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to HAP; (D) Percentage changes in age-standardized DALY rates attributable to HAP from 1990 to 2019. APMP, ambient particulate matter pollution; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; HAP, household air pollution.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age-standardized DALY rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to particulate matter pollution among 204 countries and territories in 2019. (A) APMP; (B) HAP. DALY, disease-adjusted life-year; APMP, ambient particulate matter pollution; HAP, household air pollution.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus burden attributable to particulate matter pollution and SDI among 21 regions. (A) ASDR of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to APMP; (B) Age-standardized DALY rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to APMP; (C) ASDR of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to HAP; (D) Age-standardized DALY rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to HAP. ASDR, age-standardized death rate; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; SDI, socio-demographic index; APMP, ambient particulate matter pollution; HAP, household air pollution.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. GBD RFC . Global Burden of 87 Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet (London England) (2020) 396:1223–49. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. . Global and Regional Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2019 and Projections for 2030 and 2045: Results From the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th Edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract (2019) 157:107843. 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gregg E, Sattar N, Ali M. The Changing Face of Diabetes Complications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol (2016) 4:537–47. 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30010-9 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bommer C, Sagalova V, Heesemann E, Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Bärnighausen T, et al. . Global Economic Burden of Diabetes in Adults: Projections From 2015 to 2030. Diabetes Care (2018) 41:963–70. 10.2337/dc17-1962 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zheng Y, Ley S, Hu F. Global Aetiology and Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol (2018) 14:88–98. 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151 - DOI - PubMed

Substances