Infections and glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma is an intraocular pressure-related ophthalmic disease with multiple causes that results in an optic neuropathy and vision loss. Intraocular pressure elevation is among its strongest risk factors. While glaucoma is mostly primary in etiology, secondary glaucoma is not infrequent. Recognizing its cause is imperative, since treatment is often different depending on the pathophysiologic mechanism. Numerous clinically relevant ophthalmic infections can result in robust inflammatory responses that may result in pressure elevation or intraocular anatomic configurations that predispose to pressure elevation. Knowing the mechanisms by which these infections can lead to glaucoma is critical in treating, and we consolidate what is currently known in regards to how infectious diseases lead to glaucoma.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Infection; Infectious Diseases; Inflammatory Glaucoma; Neovascular Glaucoma; Phacomorphic Glaucoma; Primary Glaucoma Secondary Glaucoma; Secondary Closed-angle Glaucoma; Secondary Open-angle Glaucoma; Trabeculitis.