[Effect of acupuncture on analgesia and sedation in elderly patients with severe pneumonia during invasive mechanical ventilation]

Abstract

Objective: To observe the analgesic and sedative effects of acupuncture in elderly patients with severe pneumonia during invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods: A total of 188 elderly patients with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 94 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with routine nursing and treatment of severe pneumonia such as invasive mechanical ventilation, analgesia and sedation. Based on these, the observation group was treated with acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6), Hegu (LI 4), Yintang (GV 29) and Baihui (GV 20), twice a day until the mechanical ventilation was offline. The critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) score and Richmond agitation-sedation score (RASS) were observed before treatment and 0.5 h after analgesia and sedation; the average time of reaching the standard, the reaching standard rate of shallow sedation and analgesia within 0.5 h and 72 h as well as the dosage of analgesic and sedative drugs and compilations were compared between the two groups. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were observed before treatment and 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h after analgesia and sedation. The levels of partial pressure of blood oxygen (PaO₂), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and lactic acid (Lac) were observed before treatment and 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h and 144 h after analgesia and sedation. The white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr) were observed before treatment and 72 h after analgesia and sedation. The tracheal intubation time and ICU hospitalization time were compared between two groups.

Results: At the time point of 0.5 h after treatment, the CPOT and RASS scores in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05); the average time of reaching the standard in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.01); the 30 min reaching standard rates of CPOT and RASS scores as well as the rate of reaching the shallow sedation and analgesia within 72 h in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The dosage and duration of dexmedetomidine, propofol and butorphanol in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the occurrence times of hypotension, respiratory depression, bradycardia, constipation as well as average tracheal intubation time and average ICU hospitalization time in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h of treatment, the HR and RR were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), MAP and SpO₂ were higher than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05); the MAP 0.5 h after treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); the HR after 1 h and 2 h of treatment in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, the levels of PaCO₂ and Lac were reduced and the levels of PaO₂ were increased 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h and 144 h after treatment in both groups (P<0.05); compared before treatment, the WBC, NEUT%, hs-CPR, ALT and Cr were reduced 72 h after treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the hs-CRP in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Acupuncture has analgesic and sedative effect in elderly patients with severe pneumonia during invasive mechanical ventilation, which could reduce the dosage of sedative and analgesic drugs and the occurrence of complications, improve blood oxygen, and has good safety.

Keywords: acupuncture therapy; analgesia; mechanical ventilation; sedation; severe pneumonia in elderly patients.