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Review
. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1960135.
doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1960135.

Gut microbiota associations with metabolic syndrome and relevance of its study in pediatric subjects

Ana K Carrizales-Sánchez  1 , Tomás García-Cayuela  1 , Carmen Hernández-Brenes  2 , Carolina Senés-Guerrero  1
Affiliations
Review

Gut microbiota associations with metabolic syndrome and relevance of its study in pediatric subjects

Ana K Carrizales-Sánchez et al. Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Childhood obesity and T2DM have shown a recent alarming increase due to important changes in global lifestyle and dietary habits, highlighting the need for urgent and novel solutions to improve global public health. Gut microbiota has been shown to be relevant in human health and its dysbiosis has been associated with MetS, a health condition linked to the onset of relevant diseases including T2DM. Even though there have been recent improvements in the understanding of gut microbiota-host interactions, pediatric gut microbiota has been poorly studied compared to adults. This review provides an overview of MetS and its relevance in school-age children, discusses gut microbiota and its possible association with this metabolic condition including relevant emerging gut microbiome-based interventions for its prevention and treatment, and outlines future challenges and perspectives in preventing microbiota dysbiosis from the early stages of life.

Keywords: Gut microbiota; metabolic syndrome; microbial metabolites; microbiome; pediatric subjects; school-age children.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
General overview of gut microbiota and its relationship with human metabolism according to recent findings retrieved from conventional techniques and “omic” technologies: A. The predominance of a hypoxic environment due to the presence of strict anaerobic bacteria and SCFA producers has been related with a healthy condition, promoting immune homeostasis, preserving the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and potentially being involved in the well-functioning of key organs and tissues that are relevant in the onset of MetS. B. Loss of the hypoxic environment due to an increased presence of facultative anaerobic bacterial communities and PAMP producers has been related to gut dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and the triggering of proinflammatory activity, potentially causing a negative impact in the functionality of key organs and tissues that are involved in the development of MetS
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