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Review
. 2021 Sep 8;20(1):364.
doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03891-z.

Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate

P Doumbe-Belisse  1   2 , E Kopya  1   2 , C S Ngadjeu  1   2 , N Sonhafouo-Chiana  1   3 , A Talipouo  1   2 , L Djamouko-Djonkam  1   4 , H P Awono-Ambene  1 , C S Wondji  5 , F Njiokou  2 , C Antonio-Nkondjio  6   7
Affiliations
Review

Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate

P Doumbe-Belisse et al. Malar J. .

Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa is registering one of the highest urban population growth across the world. It is estimated that over 75% of the population in this region will be living in urban settings by 2050. However, it is not known how this rapid urbanization will affect vector populations and disease transmission. The present study summarizes findings from studies conducted in urban settings between the 1970s and 2020 to assess the effects of urbanization on the entomological inoculation rate pattern and anopheline species distribution. Different online databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Google were screened. A total of 90 publications were selected out of 1527. Besides, over 200 additional publications were consulted to collate information on anopheline breeding habitats and species distribution in urban settings. The study confirms high malaria transmission in rural compared to urban settings. The study also suggests that there had been an increase in malaria transmission in most cities after 2003, which could also be associated with an increase in sampling, resources and reporting. Species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were the predominant vectors in most urban settings. Anopheline larvae were reported to have adapted to different aquatic habitats. The study provides updated information on the distribution of the vector population and the dynamic of malaria transmission in urban settings. The study also highlights the need for implementing integrated control strategies in urban settings.

Keywords: Anopheles; Bionomic; Entomological inoculation rate; Malaria; Sub-Saharan Africa; Urbanization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the literature selection process
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Study design
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Evolution of malaria transmission from 2003 onwards. Errors bars represents 95% confidence interval
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Variation of Entomological inoculation rate in urban cities
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Distribution of anopheline species between rural, periurban and urban settings
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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